administration

Question 1

oral advantages

Answer 1

easy
prefered by patients
drugs can be formulated to protect them from digestive enzymes

Question 2

oral disadvantages

Answer 2

unsuitable for patients who are vomitting
absorbed slowly
unpredictable absorption due to stomach acid + enzymes

Question 3

rectal advantages

Answer 3

good aborption - vein drain directly into inferior vena cava avoiding hepatic first pass metabolism

Question 4

rectal disadvantages

Answer 4

may not be suitable after rectal surgery
may dislike suppositories

Question 5

subcut or IM advantages

Answer 5

good absorption
onset more rapid
depending on formulation can have very long duration of action (contraceptatives)

Question 6

subcut or IM disadvantages

Answer 6

absorption may still be unpredictable
injections hurt

Question 7

intravenous advantages

Answer 7

dependable and reprodible effects
entire administered
entire dose reaches systemic circulation immeditaley

Question 8

intravenous disadvanatages

Answer 8

rquires cannula
more expenzive
cannulation disstressing
prone to infection
local reactions

Question 9

topical advanatages

Answer 9

easy
non-invasive
high levels of patient satisfaction

Question 10

topical disadvanatages

Answer 10

most drugs have high molecular weight so cannot be absorbed via skin
very slow absorption

Question 11

inhaled advantages

Answer 11

very rapid absorption due to huge surface area of respiratory endothelium
bronchodilators can be targeted to lungs

Question 12

inhaled disadvanatages

Answer 12

bioavailability depends on patient technique