Aggression

Question 1

Define aggression.

Answer 1

Intent to harm outside of the rules; hostile behaviour.

Question 2

Define assertion.

Answer 2

Well-motivated behaviour within the rules.

Question 3

What are the characteristics of aggression?

Answer 3

• Uncontrolled
• Intent to harm
• Outside the rules
• Reactive

Question 4

What are the characteristics of assertion?

Answer 4

• Controlled
• No intent to harm
• Within the rules
• Motivated

Question 5

What does the acronym ASIF stand for?

Answer 5

A - Aggresive cue hypothesis
S - Social learning theory
I - Instinct theory
F - Frustration aggression hypothesis

Question 6

What does the instinct theory suggest about agression?

Answer 6

Aggression is spontaneous and innate.
- It’s a product of our evolution and will surface over provocation.
- Players use sport as an outlet for built-up aggressive energy: catharsis.

Question 7

Evaluate the instinct theory.

Answer 7

• Aggression may not be spontaneous.
• Aggression is pre planned/learned.
• Evolution, not all aggressive.
• Performers in aggressive sportsare calmer away from the game through catharsis.

Question 8

Define catharsis.

Answer 8

Cleansing the emotions using sports as an outlet for aggression.

Question 9

What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis suggest about aggression?

Answer 9

• Agression is inevitable when frustrating circumstances cause our goals to be blocked, e.g., a referee’s decision,poor play or being fouled.
• Blocked goal causes frustration, frustration causes aggression, release of aggression causes catharsis, if not released, increased fustration is felt.

Question 10

What does the aggressive cue hypothesis suggest about aggression?

Answer 10

Aggression is caused by a learned trigger.
- Only occurs is learned ‘cues’ are present.
- Such pre learned cues trigger the aggressive response.
- For example, a coach may have allowed a football player to elbow the defender as his teams works for positions in the penalty area when a corner is taken.
- The taking of a corner is a learned cue for an aggressive response.

Question 11

What does the social learning theory suggest about aggression?

Answer 11

• Aggression is learned frome experience, coaches, role models, and significant others.
• Aggressive behaviour will be copied if it’s reinforced, e.g., a basketball palyer sees her team captain foul an opponent she is marking closely and the opposing player is put off her game.
• Bandura suggested that children will copy the aggressive behaviour of adults, especially in a live situation.

Question 12

How do we prevent aggression?

Answer 12

• Don’t reinforce aggressive acts in training.
• Reinforce assertion in training.
• Punishing players with fines.
• Walk away from the situation.
• Stress management techniques.