Aggression- frustration aggression hypothesis

Question 1

Who first formulated the frustration aggression hypothesis?

Answer 1

John Dollard and his colleagues (1939)

Question 2

What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis suggest?

Answer 2

The idea that being denied something can cause frustration.
Frustration— Anger
Anger— Frustration

Question 3

Why is using aggression cathartic?

Answer 3

It can make you feel less aggressive once used so more likely to be aggressive in the future.

Question 4

What did Dollard suggest were the different factors which were affecting the likelihood of aggression occurring?

Answer 4

-Proximity of the goal- closer to the goal, the more frustrated you get.
-Whether the use of aggression will help to achieve the goal.

Question 5

What increases the risk of aggression occurring again if used before?

Answer 5

If an individual has been rewarded for it previously- links to behaviourist approach.

Question 6

what are the three reasons that aggression isn’t always expressed directly against the source of our frustration?

Answer 6

1- cause of frustration may be abstract. eg, economic situation or government.
2- cause may be too powerful and we risk punishment by aggressing against it.
3- cause may just be unavailable at the time

Question 7

what happens when aggression isn’t always expressed against the source of frustration?

Answer 7

our aggression is deflected (displaced) onto an alternative, one that isn’t abstract, weaker and actually available.

Question 8

what did staub (1996) find for support for the frustration aggression hypothesis?

Answer 8

Suggests that real world mass killings are often driven by frustration, so indicates that social and economic difficulties are at risk of frustration.

Question 9

What did Priks (2010) find as support for the frustration- aggression hypothesis?

Answer 9

Swedish football fans were more likely to use violence when their team had dropped in the league.
A one position drop led to a 5% increase in aggression and when the team unexpectedly lost.

Question 10

When is aggression most likely to occur?

Answer 10

When it’s justified

Question 11

Who found support for unjustified aggression?

Answer 11

Pastore (1952)

Question 12

what did Pastore (1952) find for justified vs unjustified aggression?

Answer 12

Found that when a bus didn’t stop but was displaying an out of service sign, it led to lower frustration.
this is unjustified aggression.

Question 13

What is an issue with the frustration aggression hypothesis, in relation to other factors?

Answer 13

Other factors like temperature can have an influence as to whether an individual is aggressive or not.

Question 14

Who found support for other factors having a role in whether people are aggressive or not?

Answer 14

Reifman at al (1991)

Question 15

What did Reifman et al (1991) find for support for other factors having a role in aggression?

Answer 15

They studied baseball games and found that as temperature increased, so does aggression.

Question 16

What alternatives are there to the frustration aggression hypothesis?

Answer 16

-Biological explanations
-Bandura’s social learning

Question 17

what is a weakness of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Answer 17

The link between the both is complex. this is due to frustration not always leading to aggression with aggression happening without being frustrated. Therefore inadequate without combination of other explanations.

Question 18

What’s an additional element of the frustration aggression hypothesis?

Answer 18

The weapon effect

Question 19

What is the weapon effect?

Answer 19

The presence of aggressive cues in the environment makes acting upon frustration more likely.

Question 20

Who demonstrated the weapon effect?

Answer 20

Berkowitz and LePage (1967)

Question 21

How did berkowitz and LePage (1967) demonstrate the weapon effect?

Answer 21

Ppts were given real electric shocks by a confederate, creating anger and frustration. The ppts then had to give fake shocks to confederates.

Question 22

What did Berkowitz and LePage (1967) find for the weapon effect?

Answer 22

Ppts were more likely to give more shocks when there were 2 guns sat on the table compared to other conditions where there were no guns.