Psychology > aggression paper 3 > Flashcards

aggression paper 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two main features of the limbic system

A

amygdala and hippocampus

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2
Q

what is the role of the amygdala

A

the amygdala assesses the response to environmental threats

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3
Q

what is the role of the hippocampus in the limbic system

A

it controls the memory of aggressive behaviour

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4
Q

what levels of serotonin leads to aggressive behaviour

A

low levels

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5
Q

what does serotonin do in terms of aggression

A

slows down neural activity

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6
Q

what hormone causes aggression

A

testosterone

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7
Q

what is cortisol

A

a stress hormone

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8
Q

what levels of cortisol leads to aggressive behaviour

A

high levels of cortisol

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9
Q

what was dolan’s research

A

he found a positive correlation between testosterone levels and aggressive behaviour of UK males in security hospitals

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10
Q

evaluation of neural explanation of aggression

A
  1. LIMITATION: each psychologist has a different definition of aggression so therefore we cannot test for aggression properly
  2. STRENGTH: gospic et al - “golden balls game” unfair response leads to aggressive behaviour
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11
Q

evaluation of hormonal explanation of aggression

A
  1. STRENGTH: Mehta et al measured testosterone before and after a loss in a game. After a loss, those with higher testosterone levels wanted a re-match in the game (73%)
  2. LIMITATION: socially sensitive research - telling men it’s not okay to be aggressive or unaggressive is sensitive
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12
Q

what is the name of the gene that causes aggression

A

MAOA gene

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13
Q

who does the MAOA gene effect

A

males

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14
Q

why does the MAOA gene not affect females

A

affects X chromosome, females have XX and so they cancel each other out

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15
Q

what neurotransmitter does MAOA affect

A

serotonin and dopamine

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16
Q

what hormone does the MAOA gene affect

A

testosterone

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17
Q

what level of the MAOA gene affects aggression levels

A

low levels

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18
Q

how does the MAOA gene work

A

the enzyme mops up the neurotransmitters

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19
Q

what is the warrior gene

A

when the MAOA gene has low levels of activity

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20
Q

evaluation of the genetic factors of aggression

A
  1. STRENGTH: brunner family - males aggressive in the family, females not - all males had MAOA gene
  2. (counter) LIMITATION: idiogrpahic research - cannot generalise the results of the Brunner family
  3. LIMITATION: deterministic view - legal system believes in free will so MAOA cannot be accepted as a mitigating factor
  4. LIMITATION: socially sensitive research - MAOA gene is passed from parents and so to blame them for aggression levels can result in families no longer wanting to take part in experiments
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21
Q

what does ethological mean

A

the study of animal aggression

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22
Q

what is innate aggression

A

we are only aggressive for a purpose

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23
Q

what is dominance and status

A

having more resources and and less competition

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24
Q

what is ritualistic aggression

A

where animals signal to one another to loom aggressive but avoids being physically aggressive

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25
what is the purpose of ritualistic aggression
to assess the strength of you opponent
26
what are innate realising mechanisms
brain networks that respond to specific stimuli by initiating a fixed action pattern
27
what is an example of cognitive processing
innate releasing mechanism
28
what is an example of behavioural processing
fixed action pattern
29
what is a fixed action pattern
a sequence of stereotyped pre-programmed behaviours
30
what was Tinbergen's experiment
3 fake fish put into a tank with a stickleback fish. the two with red under bellies were attacked
31
example of innate releasing mechanism in Tinbergen's experiment
red under bellies
32
example of fixed action pattern in Tinbergen's experiment
attacking the fish
33
evaluation of the ethological explanations of aggression
1. STRENGTH: Lorenz argued that humans fight for territory like animals do 2. (counter) LIMITATION: extrapolation - humans influenced by political factors so cannot be generalised to animals 3. STRENGTH: hobbles eskimos - found that eskimos settle grudges through song duels to reduce aggressive behaviour to avoid death 4. LIMITATION: biological determinism - fixed action plans never change, even if the animal loses the fight
34
what are the 4 things that make cavemen act aggressively
protect their young, food territory and mates
35
why were cavemen aggressive in terms of men
men were worried about cuckoldry as they could never be sure that their children were theirs
36
how are men more able to eliminate competition
they have stronger jawlines, brow bones and skulls to be successful in fights
37
what is the mate retention strategy
men will be aggressive towards their partners in order to keep their partner loyal
38
what is direct guarding
not letting a mate talk to another male or female
39
examples of direct guarding
having access to your partners social media
40
what is negative inducements
comments said to reduce your partners self-worth
41
examples of negative inducements
negative comments about their clothing
42
evaluation of the evolutionary explanation of aggression
1. STRENGTH: practical application - paternity tests 2. LIMITATION: lacks temporal validity - society has changed too dramatically for it to explain relationships of today 3. STRENGTH: can explain gender differences - women do not display aggressive behaviour as it would be maladaptive for her and her baby, instead women are verbally aggressive to stop partners from straying 4. LIMITATION: kung san tribe - tribe has negative attitudes towards aggression. children are parted if they become aggressive - shows aggression can be controlled
43
what does de-individuation focus on
anonymity
44
what happens when we are individuated
we comply with social norms
45
what happens when we are de-individuated
we loose our identity snd become disobedient
46
what is private self-awareness
less attention to our own actions and focus on the events making us less critical
47
what is public self-awareness
less attention to how towers view actions and feel less accountable
48
what did zimbardo find in terms of de-individuation
once those with the role of guard put on their uniform they became far more aggressive
49
evaluation of de-individuation
1. STRENGTH: zimbardo 2nd study on females - 2 groups 1 hoodies, 1 with large name tags told they had to shock people. those in hoodies longer and higher shocks 2. STRENGTH: practical application - important for police to prevent crimes 3. LIMITATION: factors can result in positive outcomes, such as charity groups 4. LIMITATION: gender differences - cannavale found that males and females respond differently to de-individuation. men more prone to disinhibition of aggressive behaviour
50
what are the two dispositional factors
importation model and gang membership
51
what are the features of the importation model
anger, anti social personality disorder, age, sex, race, impulsivity and low self control
52
what did Drury and delsi find
studied 1000 inmates in USA prisons and found that gang members show higher levels of violence compared to non-gang members
53
what are the two situational explanations
deprivation model and overcrowding
54
what are the factors in the deprivation model
freedom, material goods, relationships, independence and safety
55
how does overcrowding cause aggression
prisoners feel a larger lack of trust due to there being more people around, and as a result become more aggressive in order to protect their belongings
56
evaluation of institutionalisation as an explanation of aggression
1. STRENGTH: poole and regoli -
57
what is catharsis
the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed emotions
58
what is the psychodynamic approach to aggression
frustration always leads to an aggressive behaviour
59
what are the three displacement factors
punishment, available, abstract
60
what was the origami study
pupils asked to create an origami - condensate asked teacher to slow down the instructions. group 1 = teacher said no because she was seeing her boyfriend group 2 = said no because their boss wouldn't allow them to
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