AHPS - extra

Question 1

List one vaccination and one worming agent in goats

Answer 1

Vaccination -> coopers Tasvax 5 in 1 vaccine

Worming in goats -> caprimec broad spectrum antibiotic

Question 2

what is appropriate for castration of a 13 month old bull

Answer 2

local anesthetic and surgical castration using an emasculator

Question 3

Vaccines used for beef cattle what is the main one, how administered and other used

Answer 3

5 in 1 -> subcutaneous 
Botulism (Northern AUS)
BVD
Tick fever
Anthrax
M. bovis - pinkeye

Question 4

Bullock define

Answer 4

greater than 1 year old castrated male

Question 5

What are the 3 main diseases that mainly worried about in beef production

Answer 5

1) Johne’s disease
2) resistant parasites -> 50eggs/g starting to worry, Give 3 in 1 or combinational on arrival to property
3) BVD

Question 6

with angus beef cattle when join with angus and Charolais and why

Answer 6

§ Angus - Angus - heifers and 1st and 2nd calvers
□ 1. smaller calves 2. selecting replacement from calves in 2nd and 3rd calvers (best cows) and want angus cows
§ Angus - Charolais - 3rd, 4th, 5th calvers 1. heavier calf 2. heterosis -> faster growth rate

Question 7

what is a normal weight of a beef calf and when weaned in northern and southern Australia

Answer 7

§ Calves 30-45Kg is normal -> need to think about calving ease and shape of the calf
weaning -> 6-9 months post calving SOUTHERN
Northern -> 100Kg

Question 8

Integration of Beef/sheep what are 2 main benefits and 2 main disadvantages

Answer 8

Benefits
1) Decrease risk in terms of pricing and income - smooth out increase and decrease in output prices
2) Cross-grazing - decrease parasites load on paddock
Disadvantages
1) Different handling techniques, fencing, yard requirements
2) Management calendar requirements are different
○ May have to change calendar due to labour requirement - decrease labour

Question 9

condition scoring in beef cattle what is the scale, how determined and ideal

Answer 9

Condition scoring - 1-5

• Degree of fat cover around the tail head and short ribs
• IDEAL - 2-3

Question 10

what is the joining rate for merino and prime lamb and what is an ideal lamb body weight

Answer 10

□ Merino 1 per 100 sheep
□ Prime lamb 1 per 60 sheep
- Lamb body weight -> 4-6Kg ideal

Question 11

Condition scoring sheep what is the scale, what used to determine and ideal

Answer 11

Condition score - 1-5

• Look at the short ribs mainly
• Can also look at the fat on the backbone and rib definition
• IDEAL- 2.5-4

Question 12

Genetics in sheep why are they used and what breed with merino, poll, boarder leister, doper, suffolk

Answer 12

1) Merino - wool, mutton possible lamb -> not great mothers average 60-90%
2) Poll - cross merino X boarder leister = second cross ewe -> ALL sold
3) Boarder leister - merino cross -> all lambs sold, females breeding
4) Doper - shed wool each year therefore used as self-shearing hobby sheep as well for meat
5) Suffolk - has black points

Question 13

Lamb growth rate between birth and slaughter

Answer 13

250 grams per day

Question 14

Pasture growth rate in summer, winter and spring

Answer 14

Summer - most years no growth
Winter - 10-20KgDM/ha/d
Spring - 100-120KgDM/ha/d

Question 15

Gudiar what is the vaccine against, what animal used in and what is dangerous about it

Answer 15

• Vaccine against Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease in sheep)
• DO NOT SELF INNOCULATE

Question 16

Water how much drink per body weight, how close to feed in sheep and cattle and how much need to drink per day

Answer 16

• Dry stock - 10% body weight
• Close enough to feed
  ○ Sheep - 2.5km
  ○ Cattle - 5km
• Water supply enough for an animal t drink for 1 hour a day

Question 17

Nutrient interactions what decreases the availability for Cu and Ca:P ratio

Answer 17

• Decrease availability for Cu - Mo, S, Zn, Fe, Cd and Ca
• Ca:P - high Ca in plant leaves, high P in plant seeds
  ○ Most need 2:1
  ○ Excess P in intestine reduces Ca absorption

Question 18

What are the 4 main gaseous waste products

Answer 18

• Carbon dioxide
• Hydrogen sulphide
• Methane
• Ammonia

Question 19

Tail docking how occurs and reasons for in pigs, sheep and cows

Answer 19

• Pigs: knife, rubber rings, hot docking knife
  ○ cutting when young to remove risk of tail biting
• Sheep: knife, hot docking knife or rubber rings
  ○ Reduces the risk of flystrike
• Cows: cutting/rubber rings
  ○ Decrease risk of leptospirosis (have vaccine now and welfare issue -> not really done)

Question 20

Merino what is the average weight of the fleece, price per Kg and therefore price per fleece

Answer 20

• Merino -> 4-5Kg fleece per sheer -> $10 per Kg -> $40-50 per fleece

Question 21

Mulesing in sheep what is the function and pain response, how to decrease

Answer 21

• Removal of wrinkle around the breech with mulesing sheers to decrease the risk of flystrike
  Pain response
• Up to 72 hours
• If apply topical anaesthesia like tri-solfen after mulesing have initial pain but declines after 1-2 hours
• If use carprofen + topical anaesthetic than massive reduction in cortisol and hunched standing

Question 22

List 3 reasons why pain-free surgical husbandry procedures are difficult

Answer 22

1) Practical considerations = large number in short period of time, economics, difficult to give drug 30mins before procedure
2) Procedures performed by farmers so don’t have access to all drugs that vets have access to, too expensive to get vets
3) Duration of analgesia required is long 10 hours castration and 72 hours mulesing

Question 23

Spaying beef cattle where done, why and the 2 mechanisms

Answer 23

• Mainly in Northern Australia -> no internal fences hard to prevent bulls and cows from meeting and if pregnant or lactating not putting on enough meat
• No anaesthetic or analgesia required
  1) Willis method -> spay tool inserted in vagina, operator manipulates ovary into tool as goes above cervix, tool cuts ovary and falls into the abdomen cavity where weathers away
  2) Flank incision

Question 24

Condition scoring in dairy cattle what is the scale, how determined and ideal

Answer 24

Condition scoring - 1-8

• Fat on backbone, hips and ribs
• IDEAL - 3-6
• Anything above 6 is getting too fat for milking

Question 25

Tail docking in dairy cattle. what age advantages and disadvantages

Answer 25

Tail docking - not common but if present generally under 6 months Advantages - Herringbone dairies milker stands below animal may get trail and faeces in the face that can lead to leptospirosis ○ Now can vaccinate against ○ Can just trim the tail to decrease the risk of lepto as well as mastitis Disadvantages - Gets more attention from flies as cannot swipe away flies (bite the cow)

Question 26

Where does most of the milk go from victorian milk processes

Answer 26

processed product internatioanlly (SMP, butter etc)

Question 27

Anthelminitc pour on or injectable dose rate in beef and dairy cattle and what is the main difference between dairy and cattle

Answer 27

- Beef -> 1ml per 10Kg - Dairy -> 1ml per 50Kg Dairy cows receive more supplementary feed than beef cattle

Question 28

How long are cattle allowed to be transported without water

Answer 28

48 hours

Question 29

Phase feeding in gilts what are the 5 steps and what involved

Answer 29

1. 70kg - <21 days to mating -> restrict feed to slow down growth 2. <21 days to mating -> increase energy and nutrients to flush and successfully ovulate 3. Mating - later pregnancy -> feed to maintain pregnancy but restrict feed to prevent returns (fails to maintain pregnancy and goes through the cycle again) 4. Late pregnancy - weaning -> support lactation and body reserves 5. Weaning - mating -> replace reserves and flush

Question 30

Typical horse property maximum horses, why have multiple properties and multiple species

Answer 30

- Generally don't have more than 300 horses per property ○ Labour starts getting too much - Can have multiple properties in different areas ○ Biosecurity - disease outbreak ○ Closer to race track ○ Closer access to studs for clients in thoroughbred - - Multiple species -> grazing of horses takes it down to the ground resulting in promotion of weed growth -> if then graze sheep on that paddock can help the pasture recovery ○ Weeds -> cape weed, needle weeds, Patterson's curse (most common)

Question 31

What are the 7 main diseases and how to control parasites

Answer 31

1) EHV 2) Hendra - only really in Queensland and northern NSW 3) Strangles 4) Queensland itch 5) Parasites -> internal and external ○ Resistance -> FEC count before and after treatment ○ BZ, praziquantel, Levamisole (can have toxicity issues), ML - can cause an issue if don't know weight and therefore dose ○ Oral general -> paste - most common 6) Rhodococcus equi -> pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia especially in foals 7) Tetanus -> vaccination against

Question 32

horse castration what are the 2 main ways and which is the most common

Answer 32

1) Not generally done standing -> due to safety issues with humans 2) Full general anaesthetic most common

Question 33

List the 7 important diseases in a pig enterprise

Answer 33

1. Mycoplasma 2. Circovirus 3. Haemophilus 4. Parvo 5. E. col 6. Actinobacillus 7. Ascaris sum -> milk spot (better with intensive systems)

Question 34

What are the 3 main benefits of combining pigs with other enterprises

Answer 34

- Improved pasture -> pigs fertilise via grain based diet | - Parasite advantage with movement