Air Navigation Flashcards by Mary Grace Dominice

Air Navigation is defined as:
A. Flying visually at low altitude only
B. Piloting the aircraft from one location to another while monitoring position
C. Controlling aircraft on the ground
D. Using GPS only

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Navigation by reference to landmarks is called:
A. GPS Navigation
B. Dead Reckoning
C. Pilotage
D. Radio Navigation

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Dead Reckoning uses:
A. Wind only
B. GPS only
C. Computation based on time, airspeed, distance, direction
D. Looking outside

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Navigation using radio aids belongs to which category?
A. GPS navigation
B. Pilotage
C. Dead Reckoning
D. Radio Navigation

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GPS navigation is:
A. Based solely on cloud formation
B. Navigation using satellite systems
C. Based only on compass
D. For military only

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The Mercator Projection is a type of:
A. Map distortion removal tool
B. Aeronautical instrument
C. Map projection used for charts
D. Aircraft performance chart

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World Aeronautical Charts have a scale of:
A. 1:100,000
B. 1:1,000,000
C. 1:500,000
D. 1:250,000

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Sectional Charts have a scale of:
A. 1:250,000
B. 1:500,000
C. 1:1,000,000
D. 1:200,000

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VFR Terminal Area Charts are most helpful when operating near:
A. Class A airspace
B. Class B airspace
C. Farming areas
D. Only rural areas

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VFR Terminal Area Charts have a scale of:
A. 1:250,000
B. 1:500,000
C. 1:1,000,000
D. 1:10,000

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Under VFR, the aeronautical chart is described as:
A. A GPS backup
B. A roadmap for pilots
C. A requirement for IFR only
D. Optional if using radio

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Relief refers to:
A. Weather symbols
B. Representation of the earth’s surface shape
C. Fuel planning
D. Altimeter settings

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Elevation Tinting refers to:
A. Changing map brightness
B. Coloring to indicate terrain elevation
C. Fuel color
D. Cloud identification

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Contours on charts indicate:
A. Airport services
B. Changes in elevation
C. Weather fronts
D. Radio frequencies

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Restricted Airspace is:
A. For landing only
B. Cannot be entered without permission
C. Free to enter
D. Only below 500 ft

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Vegetation symbols on charts represent:
A. Soil type only
B. Natural land cover
C. Legal land ownership
D. Roads only

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The Equator divides the Earth into:
A. East and West
B. North and South hemispheres
C. Arctic and Antarctic
D. Magnetic and True

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Latitudes are also known as:
A. Parallels
B. Meridians
C. Poles
D. Hemispheres

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The Prime Meridian divides Earth into:
A. North / South
B. East / West hemispheres
C. Land / Water
D. Tropics only

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Longitudes are also known as:
A. Parallels
B. Meridians
C. Semi-circles
D. Waypoints

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Each degree of latitude/longitude is divided into:
A. 10 minutes
B. 360 seconds
C. 60 minutes
D. 24 parts

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Small circles refer to:
A. Any circle whose plane passes through Earth’s center
B. Any latitude except Equator
C. Restricted airspace
D. All great circle routes

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A Great Circle:
A. Passes through the center of Earth
B. Is shorter only on flat maps
C. Runs only east-west
D. Is smaller than small circle

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The shortest distance between two points on Earth is along a:
A. Pilotage route
B. Dead reckoning line
C. Great Circle arc
D. Weather path

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True or false (MC format): “The Equator is a great circle.” A. True B. False

Course refers to: A. Actual path on ground B. Planned direction of flight C. Direction of wind D. Tower instructions

True or false: “All longitudes are great circles.” A. True B. False

Track refers to: A. Intended flight direction B. Actual ground path flown C. Nose direction D. Elevation

Heading refers to: A. The actual path over ground B. Direction the nose points C. True course only D. GPS track

Drift Angle is the angle between: A. Heading and airspeed B. Heading and track C. Track and course D. Latitude and longitude

Wind Correction Angle is: A. Used to avoid wind B. Angle to counter drift C. Only used in IFR D. Measured in meters

Airspeed refers to speed relative to: A. Ground B. Water C. Air D. GPS

Groundspeed refers to speed relative to: A. Air B. Ground C. Clouds D. Latitude

A headwind will: A. Increase flight time B. Reduce fuel consumption C. Increase range D. Increase groundspeed

A tailwind will: A. Decrease groundspeed B. Increase fuel used C. Decrease flying time D. Reduce range

Which reduces takeoff distance? A. Headwind B. Tailwind C. Crosswind D. No wind

A waypoint/checkpoint is: A. Radio only B. A reference point for location C. Only a runway marking D. Only in GPS

Variation refers to the difference between: A. Ground and airspeed B. Latitude and longitude C. True and magnetic directions D. Air and runway temperature

Obstruction on charts refers to: A. Tree type B. Manmade or natural features that may affect aircraft C. Only buildings D. Radio towers only

Grid squares are formed by combining: A. Airways B. Latitude and longitude C. Countries D. Terrain shading

The map projection commonly used for aeronautical charts that preserves rhumb lines as straight lines is: A. Lambert Projection B. Mercator Projection C. Polar Gnomonic Projection D. Cylindrical Conformal Projection

. Lambert Conformal Conic charts are MOST useful for: A. Short-range pilotage only B. Accurate great circle navigation C. Only polar regions D. Representing airways as curved lines

Which chart is most detailed for Class B area operations? A. WAC B. Sectional C. VFR Terminal Area Chart D. Aerodrome chart

Aeronautical charts primarily enhance safety by: A. Removing pilot workload B. Allowing tracking of position and providing critical info C. Showing only VOR frequencies D. Eliminating need for ATC

Aerodrome charts provide: A. Topography above 10,000 ft only B. Detailed airport layout, taxiways, runways C. Only NOTAM updates D. Meteorological forecasts only

Relief on sectional charts refers to: A. Emergency airports B. Shape of terrain features C. Fuel availability indicators D. Agricultural vegetation

Elevation tinting uses color shades mainly to: A. Highlight restricted areas B. Represent terrain height gradations C. Label runway lengths D. Show magnetic variation

Towns and cities shown on charts fall under which legend category? A. Culture B. Vegetation C. Aerodromes D. Hydrography

The equator divides the Earth into: A. East/West hemispheres B. Magnetic/True sectors C. North/South hemispheres D. Upper/Lower navigation zones

Vegetation legends represent: A. Elevation B. Land cover characteristics C. Political boundaries D. Prohibited airspace

Restricted airspace: A. May be entered at pilot discretion B. Cannot be entered without advanced permission C. Applies only above FL200 D. Belongs only to civil control

Latitude lines run: A. Pole to pole B. Parallel to equator C. Perpendicular to longitude D. Both B and C

Longitudes: A. Are parallel to each other B. Converge at poles C. Are also called Parallels D. Divide hemispheres north/south

Degrees are divided into minutes; each degree contains: A. 100 minutes B. 60 minutes C. 360 minutes D. Variable depending on latitude

A coordinate system is: A. Used only for GPS B. Used to specify any location on Earth by numbers C. Used only by military D. Used only below 10,000 ft

A Small Circle is: A. Always along the equator B. Any latitude except the equator C. Formed only by longitudes D. Used exclusively for GPS

The shortest route between two points on Earth: A. Follows a constant bearing B. Is always a great circle route C. Follows sectional chart grid lines D. Follows the equator only

Track is defined as: A. Planned route B. Intended heading C. Actual path over ground D. Drift offset

Course is defined as: A. The nose direction B. The planned path intended to fly C. The wind direction D. Actual track flown

Wind Correction Angle: A. Is unnecessary for navigation B. Corrects for drift to remain on planned course C. Is only computed after landing D. Only applies above FL180

Heading is defined as: A. Where aircraft actually moves across the ground B. Where the nose is pointing C. The shortest path on spherical geometry D. Direction to nearest airport

Drift angle occurs because of: A. GPS failure B. Wind pushing the aircraft off course C. Incorrect charts D. Magnetic interference

A waypoint is: A. A compass card B. A specific reference coordinate or checkpoint C. A fuel stop only D. A replacement for track

Obstructions shown on charts include: A. Only buildings B. Natural or man-made obstacles C. Weather systems D. GPS satellites

A Rate Index (Time/Distance/Fuel scale) conceptually helps pilots: A. Identify altitude restrictions B. Estimate flight variables like time and fuel C. Locate grid squares D. Determine runway slope

Flight planning in navigation includes: A. Estimating position ahead of time B. Selecting clothing C. Determining airline passengers D. Not required for VFR

The process of monitoring position WHILE flight progresses describes: A. Hardware navigation B. Air Navigation C. Only GPS Navigation D. Mapping

Which of the following is NOT a method of navigation? A. Radar-only navigation B. Pilotage C. GPS D. Dead Reckoning

Pilotage becomes unreliable when: A. Visibility decreases B. Altitude increases C. Fuel reduces D. GPS available

GPS navigation depends on: A. Ground radio beacons B. Satellites C. Sectional chart only D. Dead Reckoning only

In navigation, landmarks used must be: A. Seasonal only B. Distinct and identifiable C. Invisible on chart D. Trees only

The heading is equal to the course ONLY when: A. There is wind B. There is NO wind C. Flying near equator D. Using GPS

Heading refers to: A. The aircraft’s path over the ground B. The direction the nose is pointing relative to north C. The direction wind drifts the aircraft D. The shortest route between two points

Groundspeed is affected by: A. Aircraft weight B. Wind direction and speed C. Chart scale D. Latitude

If the wind is directly from behind the aircraft, groundspeed will: A. Remain unchanged B. Increase C. Decrease D. Become equal to fuel flow

Grid squares are formed by: A. Isobars and contour lines B. Latitude and longitude intersections C. Taxiway and runway markings D. GPS signal coverage

Inside each grid square, the pilot can identify: A. Highest terrain/obstruction within that square B. ATC phone numbers C. Fuel prices D. Only airports

Coordinates are expressed in: A. Degrees only B. Degrees and minutes C. Degrees, minutes, and sometimes seconds D. Nautical miles

The most critical use of coordinates in navigation is: A. Determining fuel weight B. Entering or confirming waypoints C. Reducing ATC workload D. Avoiding turbulence

A coordinate with “S” and “W” means the position is: A. North-West B. South-West C. North-East D. South-East

Air Navigation Flashcards

(80 cards)