Def and requirements of Class A
18000 - 60000 ft. Requires instrument rating, equipped with/ transponder, ADS-B, and on IFR flight plan
Requirements of Class B
Requires clearance, transponder, and ADS-B Out to enter
Requirements of Class C
Requires two-way communications, a transponder, and ADS-B Out to enter
Requirements of Class D
Requires two-way communications
Any airport with an operating control tower that is not Class B or C
Requirements of Class E
Requires a transponder and ADS-B out at or above 10,000ft MSL excluding airspace at or below 2500 AGL, and over the Gulf of Mexico at and above 3000ft MSL within 12 nm of the US coastline
Upper boundary of class G airspace:
East of the Rocky Mountains: Up to but not including 1,200 AGL
West of the Rocky Mountains: There are a few areas, usually between airways where Class G can go up to 14,500 MSL
ATC Services for VFR aircraft in class E:
Workload permitting: ATC will provide basic radar services to VFR traffic including:
-safety alerts
-traffic advisories
-limited radar vectoring
No separation services provided for VFR aircraft
Class D airspace dimensions
From surface to (typically) 2500 AGL.
Typical radius is 5 statute miles
Class C airspace dimensions
Core area typically extends from surface to 4000 AGL w/ 5 mile radius
Outer area typically extends from no lower than 1200 AGL up to 4000 AGL w/ 10 mile radius
Includes 20 mile radius where communications is recommended but not required
Class B airspace dimensions:
Includes mode C required Airspace, depicted as a 30nm radius magenta line on sectional chart
Requirements for entering restricted areas:
-Permission from the controlling agency
-Outside the times of published use; however, still advisable to check w/ flight service or the controlling agency
VFR Flyway
general vfr flight path extending from the surface; does not require ATC clearance
VFR Corridor
-VFR tunnel through Class B.
-Has defined vertical and lateral boundaries
-Does not require ATC clearance
VFR Transition Route
Specific flight course at a specific altitude
Requires ATC clearance
Speed limits:
*No faster than the speed of sound w/o special permission
*250 KIAS below 10,000 MSL
*200 KIAS:
-underneath class B floor
-in a VFR corridor (in Class B)
-within 4NM radius of Class C or D, up to 2500 AGL
VFR Weather minimums in Class G at or below 1200 AGL daytime:
Clear of clouds
1 Statute mile visibility
VFR Weather minimums in Class G above 1200 AGL but less than 10,000 MSL daytime:
500 below; 1000 above; 2000 horizontal; 1 statute mile visibility
VFR Weather minimums in Class C, D, and E less than 10000 MSL:
500 below; 1000 above; 2000 horizontal; 3 statute miles visibility
VFR Weather minimums in Class G and E at or above 10,000 MSL
1000 above; 1000 below; 1 statute mile horizontal; 5 statute miles visibility
VFR Weather minimums in Bravo airspace
clear of clouds and 3 statute miles visibility
Student pilot flying solo weather minimums:
-Three miles visibility in the daytime
-Five miles visibility at night
-Cannot fly over the top of a cloud layer