anatomy > ak1 > Flashcards

ak1 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

a point or plane closer to head is _________, a point or plane further from head is _________

A

superior, inferior

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2
Q

a structure lying closer to midline of body is _______, further is ________

A

medial, lateral

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3
Q

abnormal variation comes about how

A

injury, disease

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4
Q

any plane that lies parallel to the median/mid saggital plane is ________

A

parasagittal

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5
Q
A
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5
Q

axial scan (CT machine) always viewed as looking up from the patients feet, whilst in a _______ position. this means its an ______ view

A

supine, inferior

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6
Q

back of the body or any structure is __________/___________

A

posterior, dorsal

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7
Q

by end of week 1 in pregnancy, what is formed

A

blastocyst

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8
Q

by week 3 of pregnancy, a disc of three layers of cell is established - the __________. the 3 germ layers are:

A

trilaminar disc
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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9
Q

by week 8 of pregnancy, ______ of major organs have been formed - this is called ________

A

rudiments, organogenesis

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10
Q

caudal

A

regarding tail of embryo

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11
Q

coronal plane bisects the body into _________

A

anterior and posterior parts, front and back of person

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12
Q

closer to surface is ________, further from surface is ________

A

superficial, deep

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13
Q

cranial

A

head

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14
Q

cubital fossa is where, and whats the name of the major artery in the region

A

a shallow depression on the anterior aspect of the elbow, the brachial artery

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15
Q

dense tissues such as bone appear ________ as they absorb ____ X rays

A

white, more

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16
Q

disruption of lymphastic system can lead to __________ ____ __ of lymphastic fluid in boddy tissues. what is it called?

A

localised build up, lymphodema

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17
Q

embryological term that means pertaining to the beak

A

rostral

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18
Q

embryonic period is week __ to week __, and is the most ____ period of all pregnancy

A

3, 8, critical

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19
Q

Eosin is an ______ dye that binds to _____/______ components

A

acidic, positively charged or basic

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20
Q

from week 9 until 38 of pregnancy, it is the ________ period

A

fetal

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21
Q

front surface of body is ________/________

A

anterior, ventral

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22
Q

haematoxylin is a _____ dye that binds to _____ components and ____ charged structures

A

basic, acidic and negatively charged (eg dna)

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23
Q

how is contrast radiography carried out (X rays)

A

organs/structures are highlighted by radio opaque material (contrast enhancing medium)
which may be injected or swallowed

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24
hypertension can cause hearts to ________ in size
increase
25
in addition to examining structure of organs, ultrasound is also useful in showing _______
function, blood flow through vessels or fetal heartbeat during pregnancy
26
in the foot, surface is either _____ (upper surface) or _____ (sole). In hand these are __________ and _________
dorsum, plantar dorsal, palmar
27
less dense tissues such as skin, fat and lungs appear ________ as they absorb ____ X rays
darker, less
28
lymph from lower limbs drain into __________ which narrows to become ________
cisterna chyli thoracic duct
29
lymph from which five areas drain into systemic venous system via thoracic duct
abdomen, left side of head, neck, upper limbs, thorax
30
lymph from which four areas drain into right lymphatic duct
right side of head, neck, upper limbs, thorax
31
lymphastic drainage can be considred as deep and superficial. which 3 areas do superfical structures drain to superficial lymph node groups
neck, axilla, inguinal region (groin)
32
lymphatic vessels have _______ that mantain _____ flow of lymph fluid
valves, unidirectional
33
macroscopic
visible to the naked eye - gross anatomy
34
median or mid - sagittal plane bisects the body into _________
two equal halves, left and right side of body
35
microscopic
images taken using a light microscope limited degree of magnification/resolution
36
muscle tissue produce motion by ________ force
contractile
37
once binded, what colour does haematoxylin stain
dark blue/purple, eg nuclei
38
parts that are nearer the attachment of limb to body is ________, parts further are ________
proximal, distal
39
pre embryonic period is week __ to week __, and what occurs on day 1 of week 1
1-2, male and female gametes unite to form zygote
40
radial artery runs from where
cubital fossa down to your wrist following the lateral side of your forearm (so down the side)
41
SEM (scanning electron microscope) displays ______ features of a tissue
surface
42
strength of X rays reaching film depend on _______ of tissues that they pass through.
density
43
TEM (transmission electron microscope) displays ________ features within a thin slice
structural
44
transverse plane bisects the body into ________
superior and inferior sections, top and bottom
45
ulnar artery runs from where
cubital fossa down to wrist, follows medial side of forearm
46
ultramicroscopic
images taken using electron microscopes showing tissues and cels at very high magnification, can see organelles and cell specialisations
47
week 2 is week of two's. what process is complete, and what 3 new things have formed
implantation bilaminar disc, two cavities, connecting stalk
48
week 3 - 4, what two processes occur
neural tube - neuralation foldings - craniocaudal and lateral
49
what are surface projections
outline of anatomical structures which are projected onto surface of body
50
what are the 3 planes of section
longitudinal, cross, oblique section
51
what are the two main cavities in the body called
dorsal and ventral
52
what can CT scan detect and what can it help with clinically
slight variations in density of normal tissues blood clots, tumours, abscesses
53
what colour does oesin stain
pink
54
what does CT so computerised tomography essentially do
computer analyses multiple X ray images of a part of the body to produce a composite image
55
what does MRI do , and what is it particularly good at showing detail of
direct magnetic fields through body soft tissues like in the brain
56
what does the gut tube form from
endoderm
57
what is nervous tissue
cells capable of conducting electrical impulses
58
what is the anatomical position (3)
standing position head palms and feet facing forward penis erect
59
what is the lymphatic system in charge of
draining extracellular fluid back to systemic circulation (Blood)
60
what layers of cells does neural tube develop from
ectoderm
61
what organ is contained within abdominal cavity, and what membrane lines this
digestive organs peritoneum
62
what organ is contained within cranial cavity, and what membrane lines this
brain meninges
63
what organ is contained within spinal canal, and what membrane lines this
spinal cord meninges
64
what organs does endoderm give rise to (3)
digestive organs gi tract respiratory tract
65
what organs does mesoderm give rise to (4)
musculoskeletal cardiovascular blood cells urinary system
66
what organs does the ectoderm give rise to
skin, hair, nails nervous system
67
what organs is contained within cranial cavity, and what membranes lines this
lungs and heart pleura and pericardium
68
what organs is contained within pelvic cavity, and what membrane lines this
bladder, reproductive organs peritoneum
69
what two specific cavities do the dorsal body cavity contain
cranial cavity vertebral cavity
70
what two specific cavities do the ventral body cavity contain
abdominopelvic cavity - abdominal and pelvic thoracic cavity
71
whats an immunological role of lymph system
produce lymphocytes
72
when body is lying on anterior/ventral, its in the ________ position
prone
73
when body is lying on its posterior/dorsal, body is in _______ position
supine
74
where does the brachial artery run from
shoulder, down to cubital fossa following inner part of arm
75
abdominopelvic cavity
76
ventral body cavity
77
cranial
78
vertebral
79
superior mediastinum
80
pleural cavity
81
pericardial
82
vertebral
83
lateral or anterior/posterior view
lateral
84
lateral or anterior/posterior view
anterior, posterior
anatomy
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