Alcohol

Question 1

Ethanol

Answer 1

• Membrane disordering or fluidizing effect (similar to anesthetics, may be responsible for toxicity)
• Amphophile (both hydrophilic and lipophilic)

Question 2

Methanol

Answer 2

• Denatures ethanol, industrial solvent, in windshield washer fluid
• Acidosis and retinal damage probably due to formation of formic acid
• Ethanol competes with metabolism of methanol, prevents formaldehyde and thus formic acid

Question 3

Ethylene glycol

Answer 3

• Looks like water and tastes sweet
• Parent drug and metabolites cause renal failure-blockade due to calcium oxalate crystals
• Treat with ethanol!!

Question 4

Fomepizole

Answer 4

Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase without getting person high, can be used for methanol poisoning. Test question.

Question 5

Disulfiram

Answer 5

Interferes with aldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to excessive acetaldehyde levels; makes them feel crappy when drinking.

Question 6

Naltrexone

Answer 6

• Can be taken orally, opioids won’t work well

- Decreases alcoholics craving for alcohol