Alcohol

Question 1

One drink =

Answer 1

0.6oz pure ethanol = 341mL 5% = 142mL 12% = 43mL 40%

Question 2

Recommendations:

Answer 2

• drink in moderation or not at all
• males: 15drinks/week, no more than 3/day
• females: 10 drinks/week, no more than 2/day

Question 3

Is EtOH digested?

Answer 3

No, it is absorbed directly into the stomach

Question 4

When alcohol enters the GI tract the stomach releases ___ and the small intestine prioritized ___

Answer 4

alcohol dehydrogenase/absorption

Question 5

Liver cells receive alcohol-laden blood which disrupts ___, can permanently change liver ___, rate of metabolism depends on ___ and ___

Answer 5

activities
structure
acetaldehyde/ acetate

Question 6

Inducible: adding alcohol = ___ and adding drugs = ___

Answer 6

decreased drug metabolism/decreased alcohol metabolism

Question 7

Metabolic effects of alcohol consumption:

Answer 7

• less NAD+
• more H+
• acetyl-CoA produces fatty acids and ketones which leads to a fatty liver
• decreased glucogenesis = ketosis = decreased PRO synthesis
  all of this leads to liver damage

Question 8

Cirrhosis

Answer 8

irreversible liver damage cause by alcohol, hepatitis B/C or Fe toxicity (hemochromatosis), liver is constantly repairing itself but eventually damage builds up and impairs its function, treatment is a transplant or resection

Question 9

What does alcohol do to the brain?

1. frontal lobe
2. midbrain
3. cerebellum
4. pons and medulla

Answer 9

1. loss of judgement/reasoning
2. loss of speech and vision capabilities
3. loss of voluntary muscle control (coordination, motor skills, limb movements)
4. respiration and heart rate are affected (causes unconsciousness and death)

Question 10

What does BAC do to you?

• .02
• .05
• .08
• .10
• .15
• .20
• .30
• .40

Answer 10

• loss of judgement, altered mood
• exaggerated behaviour, loss of small muscle control, impaired judgement, lower alertness
• poor muscle control, impaired self control/reasoning/memory
• deteriorated reaction control, slurred speech, poor coordination, slow thinking
• minimal muscle control, loss of balance
• confusion, disorientation, blackout
• stupor, minimal comprehension
• lethal dose

Question 11

Negatives of alcohol

Answer 11

empty calories (can lead to central obesity), compromises vitamin status, dehydration, increased f.a. synthesis, decreased PRO synthesis, increases PRO breakdown, decreased glucogenesis

Question 12

Increases risks of:

Answer 12

hypertension, stroke, CVD, altered blood glucose, obesity, malnutrition, cirrhosis/liver disease, cancer, ulcers, arthritis, osteoporosis, depression, FASD, drunk driving accidents, falls, insomnia, alcoholism

Question 13

Treatment:

Answer 13

abstinence, A.A., medication

Question 14

signs of alcoholism:

Answer 14

higher tolerance, withdrawal symptoms when not drinking, anxiety, impaired control stopping drinking, disinterest in things that don’t involve drinking, large amount of time devoted to things involving alcohol, cravings, impaired ability to conduct normal life, ignoring physical/medical/legal/psychological/familial/employment/school problems exacerbated or caused by alcohol