Why is going via a secondary carbocation intermediate more stable tha a primary?
A greater inductive effect due to the presence of more elctron releasing alkyl groups
what is the general formula of an alkene?
CnH2n
what are the different types of bonds and strengths in a C=C?
sigma (strongest) and pi (weaker)
what is an electrophile?
e- pair donor
why is Br2 an electrophile?
can have a dipole induced
why is HBr and electrophile?
a permanent dipole
why do alkenes attract alectrophiles?
C=C is a redion of high e- density
what kind of reaction can an alkene typically undergo?
electrophilic addition
what type of species is the intermediate formed in an electrophilic substitution reaction?
carbocation
why do higher levels of carbocation lead to major products being formed?
more alkyl groups lead to a greater e- density which attracts the cation and stabilises it
what are:
1) reagents/consitions
2) products of teh reaction between
alkenes + conc H2SO4
3) what are the reagents/conditions to turn the product into alcohol?
1) cold conc H2SO4
2) alkyl hydrogensulphate
3) warm/heated water
(NO MECH REQ)
what are:
1) reagents/consitions
2) products of teh reaction between
alkenes + water?
1) H3PO4 catalyst & water, 70atm, high temp 300
2) alcohol + H+
what are
1) reagents/conditions
2) product
of addition polymerisation
1) zeigler-natta catalyst, monomers
2) polymer
