define electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons in a covalent bond
what is the name and angle for 2 bonds
linear - 180
what is the name and angle for 3 bonds?
trigonal planar - 120
what is the name and angle for 4 bonds?
tetrahedral - 109.5
what is the name and angle for 5 bonds?
trigonal bipyramidal (think like a spinner) - 90 & 120
what is the name and angle for 6 bonds?
octahedral - 90
what is the name and angle for 2 bonds and 1 lone pair?
v - shaped - 117.5 (120-2.5)
what is the name and angle for 3 bonds and 1 lone pair?
pyramidal - 107
what is the name and angle for 2 bonds with 2 lone pairs?
v - shaped - 104.5 (109.5 - 5)
what is the name and angle for 3 bonds and 2 lone pairs?
t - shaped - 85
what is the name and angle for 5 bonds and 1 lone pair?
square based pyramid - 81.9 & 90
what is the name and angle for 4 bonds and 2 lone pairs?
square planar - 90
what is the name and angle for 2 bonds and 3 lone pairs?
linear - 180
what is a covalent bond?
shaired par of electrons between 2 atoms
what happens in a dative bond?
both bonding electrons come from the same molecule?
what causes a permament dipole in a molecule?
a large difference in electronegativity
how is molecule non-polar in terms of electro negativity?
little to no difference between electronagtitvity of the elements
why is diamond a bad electrical conductor but graphite is a good one?
no delocalised electrons in diamond
what is the enthalpy of fusion?
the amount of energy required to melt solid into a liquid - temp is constant
what is the enthalpy of vapourisation
E reuired to turn a liquid into a gas
