All CASE STUDIES Needed - GLOBALISATION

Question 1

Attracting TNCs Case study - China

Answer 1

• declared open door policy to international business in 1978
• they wanted western tech and investment to develop
• china set up SEZs to attract FDI
• SEZ is a special ecnomic zone whihc used subsides and tax incentives to attract FDI from TNC s to a region
• companies from Europe and USA saw this opportunity and used this to their advantage to relocate and outsource their business
• China has 4 SEZs now known as export processing zones whihc offer tax inactives and lots of cheap labour
• chinas economy has grown rapidly and has become member of WTO
• by 2005, 8% of export come form foreign companies with connections ot these zones
• china is the largest recipient of FDI
• china is a major player in both of inflow and outflow of FDI

Question 2

Attracting TNCs CASE STUDY -UK

Answer 2

• remove trade barriers in 1980 and let some industries collapse ( coal etc) - trade liberalisation
• tax break and subsidies to attract large oversea firms to relocate to London and the UK
• grants and subsidies to encourage inward FDI especially in manufacturing
• privatisation gave opportunities for FDI in assets and industries close before
• by 2015, Uk was te the 4th larges recepaient of FDI in the world
• outside of FDI the UK is very liberal and open to global flows

Question 3

Trade blocs Case study - NAFTA

Answer 3

• is a trade bloc which includes USA, Canada and Mexico
• Began in 1st Jan 1994
• removes trade barriers
• can make deals and allows free tarde within members ( does not allow free movement of ppl )

Question 4

Impacts of NAFTA on its members -USA

Answer 4

ADVANTAGES:
- Better with free trade as they can specialise what they are good at
- US firms can set up factories in Mexico and benefit form low labour costs
- environmental laws not as strict
- TNCs gain higher profit as costs are lower
- Profits are made in Mexico return to US

DISADVANTAGES:
- Mercian manufacturing jobs lost to Mexico leading to higher unemployment
- Mexican trucks are allowed on US roads but are not limited so accidents can occur

Question 5

Impacts of NAFTA on its members - Canada

Answer 5

ADVANTAGES:
- trade increased by 80% in first 5 years
- trade with Mexico doubled to reach $9 billion in 1998
- US investment in Canada grew by 63% from first 5 years
- more than 1 million new jobs created
- in 1998, 68% of FDI was from the US and Mexico

DISADVANTAGES:
- environmental groups concerned about damage
- Canadian manufacturing jobs lost to Mexican leading to higher unemployment

Question 6

Impacts of NAFTA on its members - MEXICO

Answer 6

ADVANTAGES:
- companies adopt higher foreign standards and business practices
- Keeps country politically modern ( influenced by US + Canada )
- has zero or reduced tariff’s with 60% of the world

DISADVANTAGES:
- dependent on USA or 80% of exports
- mnay jobs made by TNCS are poorly paid
- many jobs do not put in high standards of health and safety

Question 7

Switched off places CASE STUDY - North Korea

Answer 7

• chose deliberately to remain politically isolated for from the rest of the world
• ordinary citizens do not have access to internet or social media
• North Korea divided from South Korea in 1948
• South Korea is more developed
• the comparison between the two countries and policies illustrated how political decisions affect globalisation

Question 8

Switched off places CASE STUDY - THE Sahel region

Answer 8

• poverty affects majority of people
• one of the worlds leats developed countires
• mismanagement of natural resorruces and Human Resources is one of the reasons it is considered as a switched off place
• lacks a coastline so struggles to attract FDI
• arid conditions an desertification
• extreme enviroment conditions increase cost on infrastructure such as railway
• wages are low
• substances farmers rely on flow of food aid from charities global brand’s do not yet view these places as viable markers leaving them relatively switched off

Question 9

Megacity problems CASE STUDY - New Delhi

Answer 9

• high birth rates or low death rate
• one of the worlds fastest rates of rural - urban migration
  ( pg 172- 173)

Question 10

Development gap CASE STUDY - China

Answer 10

• have a structural problem
• most of this economic growth is based on industries exporting low value products. The income declines the further inland u go
• chinas inequality is increasing
• GII index is 47% in 2010
• environment in very bad / air is very poor
• doing well economic all but at expense of the environment

Question 11

Censorship CASE STUDY - great firewall of China

Answer 11

• 2014 china has the largest number of imprisoned journalists and cyber dissidents ( opposing ppl ) in the world
• 60 internet regulations and estimated 2 million people monitors intent for Chinese governments. They block or restrict website content and access to individuals
• media is state monitored

Question 12

Limiting migration - CASE STUDY - China

Answer 12

• made immigration n 1900s which defined certain groups as undesirable and not allowed to settle
• 1914 - all entrants to UK had to produce evidence of identity and entry permits
• 2020 - points based y them considered minium salary, specific skills, qualifications and UK skills need requirements

Question 13

Trade protectionalism CASE STUDY - USA

Answer 13

• economic policy of limiting tarde between countires through tariffs on imported goods and regulations that disdavanted foreign companies
• restrict imports of foreign producers and media in roder to limit cultural Erosion
• ticket sales are taxed 11%

Question 14

Diasporas CASE STUDY - EU MIGRANTS

Answer 14

Poland to the Uk
- polish migrants joined diasporas community in Balham in London and local people worry that young migrants have increased birth rate beyond capacity of areas.

Meditarrean To UK
- Uk residents began to relocate to the Mediterranean coastline