EQ1- Globalisation/ Interntional Migration - MIGRATION

Question 1

Changing patterns of demand for labor

Answer 1

• National scale - rural to urban
• International scale - movement within the EU and for other countries VISA required
• Use term- DIASPORA
  CASE STUDY- Rural - urban migration - Chinas rapid industrialization is fueled by rural- urban migration

Question 2

What are the 3 main causes of internal migration

Answer 2

1. Conditions in rural areas (oversupply of unemployed workers)
2. Government encouragement ( to urbanise)
3. Differences between provinces (Further from the east the greater the health problems, illiteracy, poor communication etc)

Question 3

CASE STUDY - China notes

Answer 3

• The hokku system limits migration and follows certain policies to restrict migration
• Conditions are Temporary (either 12 month residency, working ( lack unemployment )
• China has the biggest internal movement of people on earth (150 million estimated)

Question 4

CASE STUDY -International migration -
What are the positives and negatives of The Schengen Agreement?
(Open door policy)

Answer 4

Positives
- Travel within counties without passport/ Border free control
- Economically driven
- Encourages trade and meets demands faster (Against border controls as it barcades trade via road)
- Allows movement for jobs

Negatives
- Increasing security check due to wars
- Borders slowly inputting to prevent refugees,asylum seeker which slows down supply chains for trade
- Higher fees for international visitors to the UK
- Rise in drugs smuggling and human trafficking/ Illegal immigration
- some believe that migrants are taking up jobs in host country

Question 5

What are key facts on Japan for international migrants ?
(Close door policy) CS

Answer 5

• Large ageing population rapidly occurring which affects economy, less pensions
• 29% aged 65 and older (125 million)
• 1/10 people are 80 and older
• migrants do not come to Japan due to restrains such as language and policy, laws stricter due to wars
• Laws in place are due to preserving sovereignty, culture, jobs, manning status

Question 6

What are key facts on Australia for international migrants ?
(Points system) CS

Answer 6

• favours skilled migrants ( economic, skills and family links) which deters low income, those lacking education, unskilled illegal, refugees, elderly.
• only allow a certain n.o of migrants - 190,000
• first step is sending migration to island to do farming

Question 7

What are key facts on Singapore for international migrants ?
(Open door policy) CS

Answer 7

• Due to British colocnilsim, there is a ethnic diversity.
• Many local businesses located here leading to many forgiven workers and families relocating which allows many international schools

Question 8

What are key facts on the Uk for international migrants ?
(….) CS

Answer 8

• Extremely politically motivated ( Labour Party )
• Brexit had a major impact
• New points system (70 points ) in place for migration with an increased salary needed
• It provides accommodation for migrant of other countries in Rwanda
• Many West Indian migrants recruited to drive London buses in 1950 and settle near bus garages such as Brixton

Question 9

What are the Consequences of international migration in terms of social, demographic and economic?

Answer 9

Social
- High inward migration can lead to rising house prices, overcrowded schools, strained healthcare and falling local wages
- source regions of migrants face skills shortages and ageing population
- Political upheaval and religious repression ( Myanmar - Muslim minority)
- Poverty and violence drives ppl out ( Mexico and Central America- millions legal/illegal move to USA)

Demographic
- Change cultural and ethnic composition- changes lifestyle
- Segregation of different ethnicity groups varies mainly large cities
- Ethnic enclaves become permanent with growth of specialist shops( Chinatown + Bangalatown)

Economic
- Not really ?

Question 10

What are the -Consequence of Migration and political tensions- Case studies?

Answer 10

• Japan
• Mexico / US

Question 11

Migration and political tensions CASE STUDIES - Mexico/USA + Japan

Answer 11

Japan
- Same as previous notes
- Homogenous
- Didn’t experience large inflows of migrants after 1945 like other countires
- Politically, no immigration widely supported

Mexico/USA
- Due to WWW? And economic devastion in Mexico due to political revolution, large flows on illegal/legal migrants to California and US cities
- 2020- over 40 million Mexican migrants in USA, however language,personal, financial barriers.
- Trump focused on immigration issue
-51% of population from a survey believed migrants filled jobs/ services and strength country while 41% feel its a burden.
- Trump called for a wall (15 miles) built between US- Mexican border to prevent illegal immigration, but some feel that main focus should be developing a strategic plan to manage current immigration than halting the flow.
- Wall also prevents cultural erosion and seen as successful as numbers dropped form 900,000 to 400,000
- Crossing can depend on exiting wealth as $4,000 - $10,000 needed to cross.

Question 12

Internal migration - Core + Periphery

Answer 12

• economic development depends on a process called back was (brain drain) , migrant labour flows become focused on core regions such a the EU with the Schengen Agreement.

Question 13

Case study ex - Mediterrranean migration

Answer 13

-Thousands-fled across Mediterranean Sea to escape war, persecution , poverty and conflict to areas of freedom and liberation with around 911,000 fled to European states casing a Europe refugee crisis
- 28,000 aprox missing migrants

Question 14

How COVID impacted migration points

Answer 14

• remote working so less migration
• rising houe prices so migration occurs due to to cost of lviving
• density of ppl in urban area made fear of spreading covid so migration occurs less