Amniotic Fluid Flashcards by Angel Maria

Q

a membranous sac that surrounds the fetus

Amniotic fluid

A

Present in the amnion

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Q

It is the ultimate source of amniotic fluid, water and solutes.

A

The placenta

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Q

HCG means

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

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Q

Produced by the Syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta

A

HCG

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Q

Peaks during 1st trimester of pregnancy, increase in _____, _____, ______

A

Blood
Urine
Amniotic fluid

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Q

Composed of 2 subunits:

A

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Q

Composed of 2 subunits:

A

Alpha - hCG, LH, FSH, TSH (identical subunits)
Beta = Confers specificity for hCG

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Q

Hogben test:

Uses -
Mode of Injection-
Positive results-

A

Female frogs
Lymph sac (urine)
Oogenesis

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Q

Friedmann / Hoffmann:

Animal used-
Mode of injections-
Positive results-

A

Virgin female rabbit
Marginal ear vein (urine)
Corpora lutea and corpora hemorrhagia

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Q

Ascheim-Zondek:

Animal used-
Mode of injections-
Positive results-

A

Immature female mice
Subcutaneous (urine)
Formation of hemorrhagia and corpora lutea

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Q

Frank - Berman:

Animal used-
Mode of injections-
Positive results-

A

Immature female rats
Subcutaneous (urine)
Ovarian hyperemia

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Q

Kupperman:

Animal used-
Mode of injections-
Positive results-

A

Female virgin rats
Intraperitoneal (urine)
Ovarian hyperemia

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Q

Kelso:

Animal used-
Mode of injections-
Positive results-

A

Female virgin rats
Subcutaneous (urine)
Ovarian hyperemia

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Q

Galli-mainini:

Uses-
Mode of injections-
Posting results-

A

Male frogs
Subcutaneous (serum/urine)
Spermatozoa

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Q

Home based HCG pregnancy test kit:

Principle-
Specimen-
Cut off point-
Anti hcg-

A

Enzyme immunoassay
1st morning specimen
25mL
Rabbit

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Q

Molar pregnancy, midcycle LH surge hematuria or proteinuris malignancies (gynecologic & other)

Postpartum & postabortion (up to 4 weeks) Chinese herbal medications Perimenopausal (LH elevation)

Premature ovarian failure (LH elevation)

Is it false positive or false negative?

A

False-positive

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Q

Too early (commonly) or too late (rarely) testing

Dilute urine (low S.G.) Adulterated urine Ectopic pregnancy (rarely
negative, almost always positive)

Impending or missed abortion (rarely negative, almost always
positive)

A

False-negative

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Q

A membranous sac that surrounds the fetus

A

Amnion

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Q

Amniotic fluid primary functions:

A

Cushion for the fetus
Stabilizez temperature
Allows fetal movement
Proper lung development

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Q

During the first trimester, the approximately ml of amniotic fluid is derived primarily from the maternal circulation

A

35 ml

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Q

In the third trimester, the result of fetal urine ml?

A

800 to 1200 mL

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Q

Excess amniotic fluid from failure of fetus to swallow

A

Polyhydramnios

> 1200 mL

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Q

Decreased amniotic fluid from increased fetal swallowing, membrane leakage

A

<800 mL

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Q

Cells are used for _______

A

Cytogenetic analysis

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The 3 increases of fetal urine

Creatinine Urea Uric acid

Fetal age can be estimated by creatinine

<36 weeks - 1.5 to 2.0 mg/dL >36 weeks - >2.0

Amniotic fluid creatinine and urea value

<3.5 mg/dL <30 mg/dL

Values as high as 10 mg/dL for crea and 300 mg/dL for urea may be found in ____ what specimen?

Urine

specimen air dries on glass slide; examine microscopically for “fern-like” amniotic fluid crystals

Fern test

Detects ruptured amniotic membranes Also used to diagnose early pregnancy (increase estrogen) -Vaginal fluid

Fern test

Needle aspiration of fluid from amniotic sac -Transabdominal amniocentesis

Amniocentesis

Maximum of what mL collected in sterile syringes?

30 mL

Discard first ml for contamination

2-3 mL

Protect specimens from light for bilirubin analysis for HDN at all times

Amber tubes or black plastic tube covers

Abnormal chromosome analysis and history of _____

Genetic disorders

In later pregnancy for possible early delivery

Fetal lung maturity Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) Infection

Collection of fetal epithelial cells in amniotic fluid indicate the genetic material of the fetus True or false

True

Examined by chromosome abnormalities by:

Karyotyping FISH Fluorescent mapping DNA testing

Biochemical substances that the fetus has produced -analyzed by _____

Thin layer chromatography

Perform all handling procedures immediately, and deliver to laboratory promptly

Amber tubes to protect bilirubin integrity

Deliver fetal lung maturity (FLM test

Ice Refrigerate or freeze up to 72 hours

Cytogenetic specimens kept at room temperature at what degree Celsius to prolong cell life

37c

Normal amniotic fluid color

Colorless - with slightly to moderate turbidity from cells

Fetal versus maternal blood use

Kleihauer-Betke

Kapag blood streaked

Traumatic tap

Bilirubin color

Bright yellow

Meconium (first bowel movement) color

Dark green

Fetal death color

Dark red brown

Most commonly Rh-negative mothers Fetal cells with antigens enter maternal circulation and cause production of maternal antibodies

HDN

Between what nm is plotted on semilog paper

365 and 550 nm

Bilirubin cause OD rise at what nm

450 nm

Difference is plotted on a

Liley graph

Oxyhemoglobin peak at Bilirubin peak at

410 450

Mildly affected fetus

Zone 1

Requires careful monitoring

Zone ll

Severely affected fetus, may require induction of labor or intrauterine exchange transfusion

Zone lll

Produced by the fetal liver prior to 18 weeks gestation

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP)

Normal values based on weeks of gestation

22 to 15 weeks

Most common complication of early delivery is

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

The primary component of the lung surfactants; increased production occurs after the 35th week

Lecithin

Produced at a constant rate after the 26th week and serves as a control for the rise in lecithin

Sphingomyelin

Storage form of surfactant

Lamellar bodies

Kapag phospholipid approximately at? Kapag protein naman?

90% 10%

Secreted by the type ? Pneumocytes of the fetal lung to the aveolar space at about 24 weeks of gestation

Type ll