What is the purpose of remedial exercise?
To practice and find placement
What is the intention of the head/neck position?
neck muscles alignment and elongation
List and explain the remedial exercises for the head/neck
- Z translation: seated, head stacked over shoulders, chin level. Retract chin, lengthen neck, AKA “the chicken”
- Cervical nod: hook lying, nod head using small range of motion, articulation isolated through the skull
What is locked long and locked short on someone who is hyper kyphotic?
The anterior neck muscles are locked long while the posterior neck flexors are locked short
What is a plumb line?
A straight, hanging line due to gravity
Name the three sections of the spine and how many vertebrae are in each.
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Name the rotator cuff (SITS) muscles and their function.
Supraspinatus: lifts the arm
Infraspinatus: externally rotates
Teres Minor: externally rotates
Subscapularis: internally rotates
What is the intention of the wrist/hand?
Alignment and weight distribution
List three modifications for the wrist/hand
- **pad under wrist to reduce wrist extension
- use fist instead of palm
- bypass the joint
List 2 remedial exercises for the wrist/hand
- tripod wrist: distribute weight between pinky, index finger, and base of the palm
- wrist roller/sandbag: use dowel or small hand weight`
What is the internal shower?
breathing; a “shower” for the inside of the body
Inhalation lends itself to __________ while exhalation lends itself to __________.
extension and rotation; flexion
What are the 3 basic functions of the spine?
- foundation (stability) for weight bearing
- flexibility
- framework
What is Hyper Kyphosis and list the muscles that are tight and weak. What needs to be strengthened and what needs to be stretched?
Rearward curvature of the thoracic spine resulting in a hunched back. “May” have posterior tilt but can also have anterior tilt is hyper lordosis is present.
Tight: chest, posterior neck muscles, paraspinals
Weak: upper back muscles, spinal extensors, anterior neck flexors
Strengthen: abs, spinal extensors
Stretch: chest muscles in all fiber directions
What is Hyper Lordosis? What is tight and weak and what needs to be strengthened and stretched?
The lumbar spine is concave accompanied by an anterior tilted pelvis. Lumbar spine is extended, the knees might be hyper extended.
Tight: hip flexors, erector spinae (paraspinals)
Weak: hamstrings, abs, weak forefeet (tight Achilles tendon), hyper extended knees
Strengthen: hamstrings, abs, adductors, intrinsic muscles of feet
Stretch: quads, psoas, lower back
What is Sway Back? What is tight and weak and what needs to be strengthened and stretched?
AKA model’s posture; posteriorly tilted pelvis also anterior in sagittal plane, rounded shoulders, weight forced into heels (tight Achilles tendon), ribcage collapsed to keep balance
Tight: hamstrings, pecs, posterior neck muscles, low back muscles
Weak: hip flexors, quads, upper back muscles, anterior neck flexors
Strengthen: hip flexors, traps, intrinsic muscles of foot, rhomboids
Stretch: hamstrings, pecs
What is Hypo Lordosis? What is tight/weak and what needs to be strengthened/stretched?
AKA military posture; flat back, no curves in spine, limited mobility in torso and decreased hip extension
Tight: hamstrings and glutes
Weak: hip flexors and erector spinae
Strengthen: hip flexors, abs, back extensors
Stretch: hamstrings, glutes and piriformis
What is the name of the hip bones? (ASIS)
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
List the parts of the pelvis
ilium (top), ischium (lower rear), pubis (lower forward)
List two remedial exercises to find neutral in supine.
- imprinting spine: press spine into mat and posterior tilt
- pelvic clock
Define pelvic stability
the ability to hold pelvis in a neutral position against work
What makes up the “cage”?
abdominals, pelvic floor, multifidus, and diaphragm
What are the four layers of the abdominals?
transverse, internal obliques, external obliques, rectus abdominus
List four remedial exercises to find placement for the core in hook lying.
- palpating the TA: hook lying, client palpates ASIS, walks fingers 2” medially with firm pressure, use HAA breath to experience TVA contraction
- knee sway: hook lying, palpate TVA and contract, inhale while dropping one knee to the side, maintain opposite hip alignment, exhale return to center
- knee folds: hook lying, neutral pelvis, palpate TVA and contract, inhale, exhale lift one hip to 90 degrees, inhale, return foot to mat and repeat on other side
- leg slide: hook lying, arms at sides, palpate TVA and contract, inhale slide one heel out to fully extend leg, exhale slide back in toward sits bones
