What are the three goals of anesthesia?
- Patient immobility
- Unconsciousness
- Pain control
Define anesthesia.
Absence of sensation to the whole body or an isolated part/region
What is General Anesthesia?
Unconsciousness and lack of feeling/pain
What is Local Anesthesia?
Loss of sensation to a region but NOT loss of consciousness
What is Induction in the context of anesthesia?
From consciousness to general anesthesia
What does Maintenance refer to in anesthesia?
From general anesthesia to recovery
What is Balanced Anesthesia?
Use of complementary drugs
List the stages of anesthesia.
- Stage I: voluntary movement / HR & RR increase
- Stage II: excitement stage, loss of voluntary control, irregular respiratory pattern, and reflexes present
- Stage III (Plane 2): unconscious, HR & RR decrease, pupillary light reflex (PLR) is lost
- Stage IV: all systems severely depressed, all reflexes are absent, death
What are the four general systems of an anesthesia machine?
- Carrier Gas Supply
- Anesthetic Vaporizer
- Breathing Circuit
- Scavenging System
What are the steps to check for leaks in anesthesia equipment?
- Close the pop off valve
- Cover Y piece
- Inflate reservoir bag
- Open pop off valve
What is the Carrier Gas Supply in an anesthesia machine?
Gas into which the liquid inhalant anesthetic evaporates
What color is the oxygen bottle in the US?
Green
When should the oxygen tank be changed?
When pressure <500 psi
What is the function of the Flow Meter in anesthesia?
Controls the rate of delivery of carrier gas to patients
What is the normal flow rate for most small animal patients?
1-2 L/minute
What does the Oxygen flush valve do?
Bypasses the vaporizer and delivers pure oxygen to patients
What is the purpose of a Vaporizer in anesthesia?
Designed and color coded for each specific agent
What color is Sevoflurane vaporizer?
Yellow
What color is Isoflurane vaporizer?
Purple
What is a Rebreathing Circuit used for?
Circulating fresh gases to patients and removes waste gases
What are three advantages of a rebreathing circuit?
- Conserves body heat and moisture
- Allows for observation of patient breathing
- Provides manual ventilation
What is a downside of a rebreathing circuit?
Restricts air movement and can transfer infectious agents
What is a Non Rebreathing Circuit?
One Way System that is best for small patients (<7kg)
What is the purpose of the Reservoir Bag in anesthesia?
Deflates during inspiration and inflates during expiration; used for manual ventilation
