ANS

Question 1

ANS functions

Answer 1

-regulate homeostasis
-co-ordinate response to exercise and stress
-assists endocrine sys to regulate reproduction
-regulate function of involuntary organs

Question 2

enteric nervous sys

Answer 2

often classified as a subdivision of autonomic efferent nervous system

Question 3

adjustments during exercise (fight or flight)

Answer 3

-inc heart rate and blood pressure
-blood flow shunted to skeletal muscle and heart
-bronchioles dilate
-liver releases glucose

Question 4

autonomic tone

Answer 4

-balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic actiavtion
-regulated by hypothalamus
-(most visceral organs both symp and parasymp innervated)

Question 5

where so sympathetic (fibres) neurons leave the CNS

Answer 5

-thoracic region
-lumbar region
-> of the spinal cord

Question 6

where do parasymp (fibres) neurons leave the CNS

Answer 6

-brainstem
-sacral portion
-> of spinal cord

Question 7

where are NTs stored

Answer 7

in pre-synaptic neuron

Question 8

where is the receptor for the NT

Answer 8

on post-ganglionic neuron

Question 9

length of synapses in parasymp division

Answer 9

-long preganglionic
-short postganglionic

Question 10

length of synapses in symp division

Answer 10

-short pre
-long post

Question 11

location of soma in parasymp (preganglionic)

Answer 11

-brain stem
-or sacral

Question 12

location of soma in parasymp (postganglionic)

Answer 12

-in a ganglion near target orga n

Question 13

location of soma in symp (preganglionic)

Answer 13

-in spine

Question 14

location of soma in symp (postganglionic)

Answer 14

–next to spinal cord

Question 15

M1,3,5

Answer 15

excitatory: activate phospholipase C (Gq)

Question 16

M2,4

Answer 16

inhibatory: inhibit adneylate cyclase (Gi)

Question 17

muscarinic antagonist eg

Answer 17

atropine (atropa belladonna)

Question 18

adrenal medulla

Answer 18

-set of postganglionic neurons that never develop into a neuron
-secretes steroid hormones
-activation: releases 80% adrenaline and 20% noradrenaline- into blood (+small amounts dopamine, ATP, neuropeptides)

Question 19

cardiac output=

Answer 19

stroke volume.heart rate

Question 20

mean arterial resistance=

Answer 20

cardiac output. total peripheral resistance

Question 21

following haemorrhage and reflex mechanism triggered (compared to pre-haemorrhage values):

Answer 21

-CO2 decrease
-total peripheral resistance increase

Question 22

sympatholytic durgs

Answer 22

drugs that interfere with sympathetic function

Question 23

parasympathomimetic drugs

Answer 23

drugs that enhance cholinergic effects