Mosier Neuro > ANS Function > Flashcards

ANS Function Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 components of the CNS?

A
  1. Brain

2. Spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the function of the CNS?

A
  • To receive and process information

- To initiate actions

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3
Q

What is the function of the brain?

A
  • to receive and process sensor information
  • to initiate responses
  • to store memories
  • to generate thoughts and emotions
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4
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord?

A
  • conducts signals to and from the brain

- conducts reflex activities

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5
Q

What are the 2 neurons that compose the PNS?

A
  1. Motor neurons

2. Sensory neurons

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6
Q

What is the function of the PNS?

A
  • To transmit signals between the PNS & the rest of the body
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7
Q

What is the function of motor neurons?

A
  • to carry signals from the CNS that control the activities of muscles and glands
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8
Q

What is the function of the Sensory neurons?

A

To carry signals to the CNS from the sensory organs

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9
Q

What 2 systems comprise the motor neurons?

A
  1. Somatic Nervous System

2. Autonomic Nervous System

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10
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • To control involuntary responses by influencing organs, glands and smooth muscle
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11
Q

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

A
  • To control voluntary movements by activating skeletal muscles
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12
Q

What 2 divisions comprise the Autonomic Nervous system?

A
  1. The parasympathetic division

2. The Sympathetic division

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13
Q

What is the function fo the sympathetic division?

A
  • to prepare the body for stressful or energetic activity
  • mobilization and increased metabolism
  • “fight or flight”
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14
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic division?

A
  • Dominates during times of “rest and relaxation”

- Directs routine maintenance activities

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15
Q

Which receptors are associated with the sympathetic division?

A

Adrenergic Receptors - Alpha and Beta

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16
Q

Which receptors are associated with the parasympathetic division?

A

Cholinergic receptors

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17
Q

T/F: ANS function is all efferent?

A

True

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18
Q

“Fight or Flight” represents which part of the nervous system?

A

Sympathetic

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19
Q

What 5 things occur as a result of SNS stimulation?

A
  1. Increased CO & SVR
  2. Bronchodilation
  3. Increased serum glucose
  4. Dilates pupils
  5. Inhibits eating and procreating
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20
Q

What is the SNS also called?

A
  • aka the “thoracolumbar system”
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21
Q

Where are all the SNS neurons located?

A

In the lateral horn of gray matter from T1-L2

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22
Q

What is the neurotransmitter that is released by most postganglionic “adrenergic” fibers of SNS?

A

Norepinephrine

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23
Q

What 4 things result from stimulation of the PNS?

A
  1. Prepares the body to eat & procreate
  2. Decreases CO & SVR
  3. Bronchoconstricts
  4. Constricts the pupils
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24
Q

What is the PNS also known as?

A

aka the “Craniosacral system”

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25
Where are all preganglionic neurons of the PNS located?
- The brain stem or sacral levels of the spinal cord - Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X - Lateral horn of gray matter from S2-S4
26
What part of the nervous system is Acetylcholine associated with? And where does this neurotransmitter work?
- Part of the PNS - Works at end organ and preganglionic synapse - “cholinergic”
27
T/F: Both the SNS & the PNS are continuously active?
True
28
What does the inhibition of either the SNS or the PNS allow for?
Allows for the opposing branch to dominate
29
What is “autonomic tone?”
The balance between the SNS and PNS
30
What is autonomic tone dominated by in adults?
The SNS
31
What is autonomic tone dominated by in children under 10 years old?
The PNS
32
The craniosacral or parasympathetic division does the following 8 things to the different body systems?
1. Constricts pupils 2. Stimulates salivation 3. Slows heart 4. Constricts breathing 5. Stimulates digestion 6. Stimulates gall bladder 7. Constricts bladder 8. Stimulates sex organs
33
The thoracolumbar or sympathetic division does the following 9 things:
1. Dilates pupils 2. Inhibits salivation 3. Accelerates heart 4. Facilitates breathing 5. Inhibits digestion 6. Stimulates release of glucose 7. Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine 8. Relaxes bladder 9. Inhibits sex organs
34
__A___ neurons leave the CNS to synapse with the ___B___ neurons.
1. Preganglionic neurons | 2. Postganglionic neurons
35
Where do postganglionic neurons extend to?
Their target organs
36
Parasympathetic fibers preganglionic neurons originate from which 2 areas?
1. The brainstem | 2. Sacral spinal cord
37
Are the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic fibers long or short?
Relatively long
38
Where do Parasympathetic fibers preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons?
Ganglia near the effector organ or in the wall of the effector organ
39
Sympathetic fiber preganglionic neurons originate where?
The lateral horn of gray matter from T1-L2
40
Where do the preganglionic neurons of the Sympathetic fibers synapse with the postganglionic neurons?
1. Sympathetic chain 2. Sympathetic ganglia 3. Adrenal glands
41
What are the Presynaptic neurotransmitters and their target receptors?
Neurotransmitter = Acetylcholine | Target Receptor = Nicotinic
42
What are the postsynaptic neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system and their target receptors? What is the exception?
- Post-synaptic neurotransmitter = Norepinephrine - target receptors on organs = alpha and beta - Autonomic innervation of the adrenal glands is the exception
43
What are the postsynaptic neurotransmitters of the parasympathetic nervous system and their target receptors?
- Postsynaptic neurotransmitter = acetylcholine | - Receptors on the target organs = muscarinic
44
What is the “Captain of the Autonomic Nervous System?”
- Hypothalamus
45
What are the 2 alpha Adrenergic receptors?
- Alpha - 1 | - Alpha - 2
46
What 3 things are alpha-1 stimulation responsible for? What neurotransmitters are associated with alpha 1 receptors?
1. Smooth muscle contraction 2. Vasoconstriction 3. Bronchoconstriction - Phenylephrine; NE > Epi
47
What does alpha-2 receptor stimulation do?
Inhibits release of NE (vasodilation)
48
What 2 medications act on alpha -2 receptors?
1. Clonidine | 2. Dexmetatomidine
49
What does beta-1 receptor stimulation do? (4)
- increases heart rate (+ chronotrope) - Increases AV node conduction (+dromotrope) - Increases contractility (+inotrope) - Increases diastolic relaxation (+ Lusitrope)
50
What is chronotrope?
Heart rate
51
What is dromotrope?
AV node conduction
52
Inotrope
Contractility
53
Lusitrope
Diastolic relaxation
54
Which medications act on Beta-1 receptors? (3)
1. Isoproterenol 2. Epinephrine 3. Norepinephrine
55
Which medication affects Beta-1 receptors more than epinephrine? Which affects Beta-1 receptors the same?
- Isoproterenol (Isuprel) > Epi | - Epi = NE
56
What does beta-2 receptor stimulation do? (3)
1. Vasodilation 2. Bronchodilation 3. Uterine muscle relaxation
57
Which medications stimulate beta 2 receptors, and to what degree? __A__ > __B__ >> __C__
A. Isuprel B. Epi C. NE
58
What are the 2 cholinergic receptors?
1. Nicotinic | 2. Muscarinic
59
Where are nicotinic receptors found? (3)
1. Autonomic ganglia 2. Adrenal Medulla 3. NMJ skeletal muscle
60
What does muscarinic receptor stimulation do? (6)
1. Decreases HR 2. Decreases AV node conduction 3. Decreases contractility 4. Decreases diastolic relaxation 5. Bronchoconstriction 6. Vasodilation
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