Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the 2 general components of the Nervous System?

Answer 1

1. Central nervous system

2. Peripheral nervous system

Question 2

What are the 2 major components of the Central nervous system?

Answer 2

1. Spinal cord

2. Brain

Question 3

What are the 4 main components of the brain?

Answer 3

1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Brain stem
4. Diencephalon

Question 4

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 4

1. Frontal lobe
2. Temporal lobe
3. Parietal lobe
4. Occipital lobe

Question 5

The ___________ is composed of both the cerebellum and the brainstem.

Answer 5

Midbrain

Question 6

What are the 3 components of the brainstem?

Answer 6

1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla

Question 7

What are the 2 main components of the Peripheral nervous system?

Answer 7

1. Autonomic nervous system

2. Somatic nervous system

Question 8

What are the 2 components of the Autonomic nervous system?

Answer 8

1. Sympathetic nervous system

2. Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 9

What are the 2 main components of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 9

1. Afferent

2. Efferent

Question 10

Which nerves conduct impulses TOWARD the CNS? What is an example?

Answer 10

Afferent nerves; Ex: sensory nerves

Question 11

Which nerves conduct impulses AWAY from the CNS? Example?

Answer 11

Efferent Nerves; Ex: Motor

Question 12

What are the 2 types of neural cells (nerve cells)?

Answer 12

1. Neuroglia

2. Neurons

Question 13

What is the function of neuroglia cells?

Answer 13

Support, Regulation & protection of neurons

Question 14

What are the functions of neurons?

Answer 14

Processing, transfer, & storage of information

Question 15

What do Astrocytes form?

Answer 15

The “blood-brain barrier”

Question 16

What is the function of astrocytes? (2)

Answer 16

1. Allows passage of small, lipophilic molecules (EtOH, heroin, scopolamine)
2. Prevents passage of large & charged molecules (dopamine, Glycopyrrolate)

Question 17

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 17

They produce the myelin sheath around the axons of the CNS

Question 18

What are microglia?

Answer 18

Brain macrophages

Question 19

What is the function of ependymal cells?

Answer 19

Produce cerebral spinal fluid

Question 20

What are the 4 main neuroglia of the CNS?

Answer 20

1. Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocytes
3. Microglia
4. Ependymal cells

Question 21

Which part of the Nervous system are Schwann cells a part of?

Answer 21

PNS

Question 22

What are the 2 major functions of Schwann cells?

Answer 22

1. Produce myelin sheath around axons of PNS

2. Create neurilemma around axons

Question 23

What is important regarding the PNS and neurilemma?

Answer 23

Neurilemma allow for potential regeneration of damaged axons in the PNS

Question 24

Which part of the Nervous system can potentially regenerate? Why?

Answer 24

The PNS - have neurilemma that protects axons

Question 25

Multiple sclerosis is an example of a __________ ___________ of the _______

Answer 25

- demyelination disease | - CNS

Question 26

Giuliano-Barre is an example of a ___________ ____________ of the _________.

Answer 26

- demyelination disease | - PNS

Question 27

What is glioblastoma?

Answer 27

A malignant tumor affecting brain or spine

Question 28

List 4 symptoms of glioblastoma:

Answer 28

1. Blurred vision 2. Headache 3. Vomiting 4. Seizures

Question 29

Which part of the neuron is stimulated by the environmental changes, or the activities of other cells?

Answer 29

Dendrites

Question 30

Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and other organelles?

Answer 30

Cell body

Question 31

Which part of the neuron conducts nerve impulse (action potential)toward synaptic terminals?

Answer 31

Axon

Question 32

Which part of the neuron affects another neuron or effector organ (muscle or gland)?

Answer 32

Synaptic terminals

Question 33

What is the endoneurium?

Answer 33

enclose the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber.

Question 34

What is the perineurium?

Answer 34

the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle (fascicle) of nerve fibers within a nerve.

Question 35

What is a fascicle?

Answer 35

Bundles/groups of axons

Question 36

What is the epineurium?

Answer 36

Outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve

Question 37

Axons in the PNS are bundled together to form ________

Answer 37

Nerves

Question 38

Axons in the CNS are bundled together to form _________/_________

Answer 38

Tracts/pathways

Question 39

Most ____A____ are ____B____, so these structures will be part of “_____C____.”

Answer 39

A. Axons B. Myelinated C. White matter

Question 40

Cell bodies are clustered together in the PNS to form ________?

Answer 40

Ganglia

Question 41

Cell bodies are clustered together in the CNS to form ________/_________

Answer 41

Nuclei / center

Question 42

_____A_____ and __B__/___C___ are unmyelinated structures and will be part of “_____D_____”

Answer 42

A. Ganglia B. Nuclei C. Centers D. “Gray matter”

Question 43

Thicker axons have ________ conduction velocity.

Answer 43

Faster

Question 44

What insulates the axon? And what is the result?

Answer 44

- Myelin | - Increases conduction velocity

Question 45

______A_____ are unmyelinated segments between _____B______.

Answer 45

A. Nodes of Ranvier | B. Schwann cells

Question 46

What is neurolemma and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 46

- A continual sheath around the myelin | - Essential in peripheral nerve regeneration

Question 47

What to parts of the nervous system DO NOT have neurolemma?

Answer 47

1. Brain | 2. Spinal cord

Question 48

The brain is a very ________ A _________ in terms of both _____B_____ and ______C_____

Answer 48

A. Complex structure B. Structure C. Function

Question 49

What are the 6 functions of the frontal lobe?

Answer 49

1. Movement 2. Thinking initiation 3. Reasoning (judgement) 4. Behavior (emotions) 5. Memory 6. Speaking

Question 50

What are the 4 functions of the temporal lobe?

Answer 50

1. Understanding language 2. Behavior 3. Memory 4. Hearing

Question 51

What are the 7 functions of the brain stem?

Answer 51

1. Breathing 2. Blood Pressure 3. Heartbeat 4. Swallowing 5. Alertness/sleep 6. Body temperature 7. Digestion

Question 52

What are the 3 functions of the cerebellum?

Answer 52

1. Balance 2. Coordination 3. Fine muscle control

Question 53

What are the 2 functions of the occipital lobe?

Answer 53

1. Vision | 2. Color blindness

Question 54

What are the 4 functions of the Parietal lobe?

Answer 54

1. Knowing right from left 2. Sensation 3. Reading 4. Proprioception

Question 55

What are the 2 parts of the diencephalon?

Answer 55

1. Thalamus | 2. Hypothalamus

Question 56

What is the function of the Thalamus?

Answer 56

Sensory Relay station

Question 57

What is the hypothalamus known as and what are it’s function?

Answer 57

- “Captain of the Autonomic nervous system” - Regulates body temperature, blood pressure, digestive tract motility, Rate & depth of breathing, and many other visceral activities

Question 58

Describe where the frontal lobe is located:

Answer 58

The anterior aspect of the brain

Question 59

Describe where the parietal lobe is located?

Answer 59

Dorsal posterior aspect of brain, bordering the frontal, temporal and occipital lobe

Question 60

Describe where the occipital lobe is located:

Answer 60

Most posterior aspect of brain, bordering the parietal and temporal lobes, above the cerebellum

Question 61

Describe where the temporal lobe is located?

Answer 61

Mid-lateral aspect of brain, where ears would be. Borders the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes. Sits above cerebellum and brainstem