OSCEs > Antibiotic Classes > Flashcards

Antibiotic Classes Flashcards

(17 cards)

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1
Q

penicillins

A

Disrupts the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls - beta-lactam

  • amoxicillin
  • ampicillin
  • flucloxacillin
  • penicillin G
  • penicillin V
  • piperacillin
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2
Q

cephalosporins; 1st generation

A

disrupt synthesis of peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls - beta-lactam

  • cefalexin
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3
Q

carbapenems

A

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

  • ertopenem
  • meropenem
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4
Q

macrolides

A

Inhibition of bacterial protein biosynthesis by binding reversibly to the subunit 50S of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting translocation of peptidyl tRNA.

  • azithromycin
  • clarithromycin
  • erythromycin
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5
Q

aminoglycosides

A

bind to bacterial 30s ribosomal subunit

  • amikacin
  • gentamicin
  • neomycin
  • streptomycin
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6
Q

tetracyclines

A

Inhibits the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. They do so mainly by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit in the mRNA translation complex.

  • doxycycline
  • oxytetracycline
  • tetracycline
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7
Q

quinolones/fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibits the bacterial DNA gyrase or the topoisomerase IV enzyme, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription.

  • ciprofloxacin
  • levofloxacin
  • ofloxacin
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8
Q

cephalosporins; 2nd generation

A

disrupt synthesis of peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls - beta-lactam

  • cefuroxime
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9
Q

cephalosporins; 3rd generation

A

disrupt synthesis of peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls - beta-lactam

  • cefotaxime
  • ceftriaxone
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10
Q

glycopeptides

A

inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis

  • teicoplanin
  • vancomycin
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11
Q

lincosamides

A

Binds to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomal RNA thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.

  • clindamycin
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12
Q

nitrofurans

A
  • nitrofurantoin
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13
Q

oxazolidinones

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor; prevents the initiation step

  • linezolid
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14
Q

penicillin combinations

A

The second component reduces efficacy of beta-lactamase

  • amoxicillin/clavulanate (co-amoxiclav)
  • piperacillin/tazobactam (piptaz)
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15
Q

sulphonamides

A

folate synthesis inhibition

  • sulfamethoxazole
  • sulfasalazine
  • trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole)
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16
Q

anti-mycobacterials

Study These Flashcards
A
  • rifampicin
  • isoniazid
  • pyrazinamide
  • ethambutol
  • streptomycin
17
Q

others

Study These Flashcards
A
  • chloramphenicol (inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome)
  • fusidic acid
  • metronidazole (produces toxic free radicals that disrupt DNA and proteins)
  • mucopiricin
  • quinupristin
  • trimethoprim
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