Kidney Pathology

Question 1

minimal change disease

Answer 1

• most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

Question 2

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Answer 2

• most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults
• the appearance of tissue scarring in the glomeruli.
• only part of the glomerulus suffers the damage

Question 3

membranous glomerulonephritis

Answer 3

• The inflammation of the glomerular membrane causes increased leaking in the kidney. It is not clear why this condition develops in most people, although an auto-immune mechanism is suspected

Question 4

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Answer 4

• the inflammation of the glomeruli along with the deposit of antibodies in their membranes, which makes filtration difficult

Question 5

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Answer 5

• Usually presents as a nephritic syndrome
• A patient’s glomeruli are present in a crescent moon shape
• characterized clinically by a rapid decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by at least 50% over a short period, usually from a few days to 3 months

Question 6

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 6

• protein >3.5 g/1.73m2/day
• albumin <2.5g/dl
• oedema

Question 7

nephritic syndrome

Answer 7

• haematuria
• proteinuria
• hypertension
• oliguria

Children/Adolescents

• IgA nephropathy
• Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome
• Henoch–Schönlein purpura

Adults

• Goodpasture syndrome
• SLE
• Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis (RPGNs)
• Infective endocarditis