Antigen presentation

Question 1

the important antigen presenting cells

Answer 1

• dendritic cells
• macrophage/monocytes
• B lymphocytes

Question 2

toll like receptors

Answer 2

-recognize PAMPS (pathogen associated molecular patterns)

Question 3

what follows activation of TLR

Answer 3

• cytokine production

- IL-1 and TNF

Question 4

functions of IL-1 and TNF

Answer 4

1. increased adhesiveness of endothelial cells
2. activation of the liver to release acute phase proteins such as C reactive protein. levels of CRP is a good indicator as to the activity of disease
3. effect on the hypothalamus producing fever, depression, anorexia (sickness cytokines)

Question 5

once TLR is activated, what does the APC do

Answer 5

-move to draining lymph nodes and interact with T cells

Question 6

T cells will only recognize foreign antigens when…

Answer 6

-they are presented inside class 11 major histocompatibility antigens

Question 7

T cells are activated when

Answer 7

-their T cell receptors interact with foreign peptide inside the groove of a class 2 MHC molecules

Question 8

where in the chromosome is MHC located?

Answer 8

-short arm of chromosome 6

Question 9

what is the most polymorphic system in biology

Answer 9

MHC

Question 10

haplotype

Answer 10

• a set of genes on one chromosome
• therefore we get one haplotype from each parent
• two people with different haplotypes could bear children with 4 different combination s of haplotype, therefore if you have 5 children then one will definitely match

Question 11

structure of MHC class 1
-where?

Answer 11

• 3 alpha subunits and one beta

- found on all cells except RBC

Question 12

MHC class 2 structure
-where?

Answer 12

• 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits

- found only on antigen presenting cells

Question 13

similarities of MHC class 1 and 2

Answer 13

-both have a peptide binding cleft

Question 14

clefts of MHC 1 and 2

Answer 14

MHC1: made up by 2 alpha units
MHC2: made up by 1 alpha and 1 beta

Question 15

-ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 15

HLA B27

Question 16

narcolepsy

Answer 16

DR2 and DQ1 in 98% of patients

Question 17

type 1 diabetes mellitus

Answer 17

DR3 or DR4

Question 18

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 18

HLA DR4