POM Exam 2 > Antimicrobial Agents > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Agents Flashcards

(58 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

which are 30S inhibitors?

A
  • aminoglycosides

- tetracyclines

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2
Q

which are 50S inhibitors?

A
  • chloramphenicol
  • macrolides
  • lincosamides
  • streptogramins
  • oxazolidinones
  • CLOMS
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3
Q

aminoglycosides bacteriostatic/cidal

A
  • bactericidal
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4
Q

aminoglycosides used best against

A
  • gram negative rods
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5
Q

aminoglycosides mechanism of action

A
  • disrupt LPS in outer membrane
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6
Q

examples of aminoglycosides

A
  • streptomycin
  • gentamycin

S AND G IN aminoGlycoSide

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7
Q

aminoglycosides don’t work well against

A
  • anaerobes are intrinsically resistant
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8
Q

aminoglycosides and pH

A
  • reduced activity at low pH
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9
Q

enzymatically inactivate aminoglycosides

A
  • modification by phosphorylation, adenylation or acetylation
  • enzymes encoded on mobile genetic elements
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10
Q

alter drug target aminoglycosides

A
  • methylation of rRNA

- mutation of ribosomal protein

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11
Q

alter drug exposure aminoglycosides

A
  • decreased uptake nonspecific

- increased efflux (P. aeruginosa)

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12
Q

aminoglycosides and beta lactams

A
  • beta lactams pre-weaken structure of bacterial envelope

- allows amino glycoside to get in

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13
Q

tetracycline bacteriostatic/cidal

A
  • bacteriostatic
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14
Q

tetracycline used against

A
  • gram positives
  • gram negatives
  • mycoplasma
  • intracellular bacteria
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15
Q

tetracycline examples

A
  • tetracycline
  • doxycycline

CYCLINES

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16
Q

which has troubles with divalent cations

A
  • tetracycline

- divalent cations inhibit absorption of drug in GI tract

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17
Q

which has contraindications

A
  • tetracycline
  • in pregnancy
  • young children
  • inhibition of bone growth
  • discoloration of teeth
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18
Q

tetracycline and beta lactamases

A
  • avoid!
  • beta lactams will only work on actively dividing cells
  • static interferes with the cidal activity
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19
Q

tetracycline alter drug exposure

A
  • lots of efflux pumps

- most are effective against tetracycline itself

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20
Q

tetracycline alter drug target

A
  • ribosome protection proteins

- bind to ribosome and displace drug from binding site

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21
Q

chloramphenicol bacteriostatic/cidal

A
  • bacteriostatic
  • cidal against important encapsulated organisms
  • broad spectrum
  • synthetic
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22
Q

chloramphenicol and ribosome

A
  • binds 50S bacterial

- but not 60S human

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23
Q

chloramphenicol enzymatically inactivate drug

A
  • modified by acetyl transferases
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24
Q

macrolides bacteriostatic/cidal

Study These Flashcards
A
  • bacteriostatic
25
macrolides work best against
- gram positives - Chlamydia gram negative POSITIVE THAT LIAR GAVE ME CHLAMYDIA WHEN HE ASSURED ME HE WAS NEGATIVE LIE FROM MACROLIDE
26
macrolides examples
- erythromycin - azithromycin RO to RO
27
lincosamides bacteriostatic/cidal
- bacteriostatic
28
lincosamides work best against
- gram positive and gram negatives | - anaerobes
29
lincosamides example
- clindamycin LINC TO CLIN
30
lincosamides used well against what pathogen
- C. diff associated pseudomembranous colitis
31
streptogramins A and B individually
- individually bacteriostatic
32
streptogramins A and B together
- bactericidal together
33
streptogramin A works against which process
- peptide bond formation
34
streptogramin B works against which process
- chain elongation
35
MLSB
- resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogrammin B
36
MLSB resistance
- cross resistance due to similar mechanisms of action
37
MlSB alter drug target
- ribosome methylation by erm genes
38
erm genes stand for
- erythromycin ribosome methylation genes
39
erm expression
- constitute or inducible
40
determine inducible clindamycin resistance
- use D test | - makes it look like a D on the plate
41
Oxazolidinones bacteriostatic/cidal
- bacteriostatic
42
Oxazolidinones work best against
- gram positives that are resistant to other antibiotics
43
Oxazolidinones bind to
- 23S in 50S subunit
44
Oxazolidinones cross resistance
- no cross resistance with other protein synthesis inhibitors
45
Oxazolidinones example
- linezolid ZOLID ZOLID
46
Oxazolidinones alter drug target
mutations in 23S rRNA
47
folate synthesis inhibitors
- trimethoprim | - sulfonamides
48
RNA synthesis inhibitors
- rifamycin | - bind to DdRp wit higher affinity than human enzyme
49
DNA synthesis inhibitors
- fluoroquinolones - target topoisomerase - Cipro
50
agents that damage DNA
- nitroimidazoles - form toxic free radicals - Metronidazole
51
VanA locus
- constitutive resistance - all resistant or all susceptible when it burns out - constant expression of D-Ala-D-lac
52
Van B locus
- inducible resistance - more of a spectrum of values for susceptibility - temporary expression of D-Ala-D-lac
53
which costs more in terms of fitness - inducible or constitutive?
- constitutive
54
inhibit peptidoglycan synthesiis
- phosphomycin - cycloserine - bacitracin - glycopeptides - beta lactams PROFESSOR CREWS GOES BEYOND BOARDS
55
agents that act on mycobacterial cell walls
- isoniazid | - ethambutol
56
isoniazid
- inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
57
ethambutol
- inhibits arabinotransferases
58
lipopeptides
- disrupt cell membrane of G+ bacteria - poke holes in it - daptomycin
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