POM Exam 2 > Fungus > Flashcards

Fungus Flashcards

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1
Q

examples azoles

A
  • end in -conazole
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2
Q

candida albicans - opportunistic or endemic

A
  • opportunistic
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3
Q

is antibody important in regards to fungi?

A
  • not really
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4
Q

paracoccidioides - opportunistic or endemic

A
  • endemic
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5
Q

candida (yeast, molds, dimorphic)

A
  • yeast
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6
Q

what part of the complement pathway do fungi stimulate?

A
  • mannose binding lectin
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7
Q

cryptococcus neoformans - opportunistic or endemic

A
  • opportunistic
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8
Q

aspergillus - opportunistic or endemic

A
  • opportunistic
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9
Q

fusarium (yeast, molds, dimorphic)

A
  • molds
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10
Q

which endemic fungi are found in southwestern US and latin America

A
  • coccidiodes
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11
Q

which has banana shaped conidia

A
  • fusarium
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12
Q

risk factors for aspergillosis and mucormycosis

A
  • hematologic malignancy
  • cytotoxic chemotherapy
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13
Q

if something is septate, then it

A
  • forms a cell wall in between
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14
Q

the form of dimorphic fungi at environmental temp

A
  • infectious - hyphae
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15
Q

what are the most common molds?

A
  • aspergillus
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16
Q

risk factors for crytococcus gatil

A
  • exposure to plant debris
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17
Q

what else is located on the outside of the wall of fungi?

A
  • mannoproteins
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18
Q

which are aseptate

A
  • mucor
  • rhizopus
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19
Q

examples of echinocandins

A
  • end in -fungin
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20
Q

when thinking of CNS infections, what fungi should you think of?

A
  • cryptococcus
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21
Q

zygomycetes composed of

A
  • mucor
  • rhizopus
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22
Q

coccidioides (yeast, molds, dimorphic)

A
  • dimorphic
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23
Q

what cytokine is induced by fungal pathogens leads to

A
  • IL-12
  • IFN gamma production and TH1 responses
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24
Q

when thinking of germ tube assays, what fungi should you think of?

A
  • Candida albicans
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25
paracoccidioides (yeast, molds, dimorphic)
- dimorphic
26
why are antifungals more toxic than antibacterials?
- because fungus are eukaryotes just like us
27
best for histoplasma diagnostic testing
- antigen detection
28
risk factors for cryptococcus neoforms
- exposure to bird droppings
29
septate hyphae have which kind of walls?
- transverse
30
Moa of 5-fluorouracil
- inhibits fungal thymidine synthesis
31
which are septate
- aspergillus and fusarium
32
innate immunity to fungi
- TLRs recognize fungal cell wall components as PAMPs
33
azoles moa
- inhibit ergosterol synthesis
34
what agar grows yeast
- sabouraud dextrose agar
35
what fungi do you associate with bats?
- histoplasma
36
aspergillus (yeast, molds, dimorphic)
- molds
37
the form of dimorphic fungi at body temp
- yeast form
38
how do hyphae grow?
- from the tip rather than cell division
39
blastomyces- opportunistic or endemic
- endemic
40
cell wall active agents
- polyenes - azoles
41
which endemic fungi are found in Ohio and Mississippi River valleys?
- histoplasma
42
which endemic fungi are found in central and southeastern US
- blastomyces
43
Moa of polyenes
- bind ergosterol and form pores in membrane
44
fungal cell wall composed of
- chitin and beta glucans
45
pneumocystis jirovecii opportunistic or endemic
- opportunistic
46
beta glucan synthesis inhibitors
- echinocandins
47
mucor & rhizopus - opportunistic or endemic
- opportunistic
48
examples of pyrimidine analogues
- 5-fluorouracil
49
histoplasma - opportunistic or endemic
- endemic
50
other examples
- pneumocystis
51
examples of polyenes
- amphotericin B - nystatin
52
if something is aseptate, then it
- divides without forming a cell wall
53
risk factors for pneumocystis
- low CD4 count
54
what form is associated with the highest mortality which species
- molds - Zygomycetes and Fusarium
55
cryptococcus (yeast, molds, dimorphic)
- yeast
56
which endemic fungi are found in Latin America, especially Brazil
- paracoccidioides
57
histoplasma (yeast, molds, dimorphic)
- dimorphic
58
zygomycetes (yeast, molds, dimorphic)
- molds
59
risk factors for candidiasis
- surgery - acute renal failure - central venous catheter nutrition
60
which are the most commonly isolated yeasts in clinical practice
- candida - cryptococcus
61
DNA and protein synthesis inhibitors
- pyrimidine analogues
62
coccidiodes- opportunistic or endemic
- endemic
63
fungal infections occur in regard to what with cell-mediated immunity
- impaired cell mediated immunity
64
blastomyces (yeast, molds, dimorphic)
- dimorphic
65
cell membrane of fungus contains
- ergosterol
66
side effects of 5-fluorouracil
- bone marrow suppression - pancytopenia
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