appetite

Question 1

Appetite

Answer 1

“drive to eat”

Question 2

Hunger

Answer 2

often used interchangeably with appetite, but more the perception and manifestation of appetite/drive to eat.

Question 3

satiation

Answer 3

perception of process leading to the termination of eating

Question 4

satiety

Answer 4

the feeling of fullness after eating

Question 5

Orexigenic

Answer 5

appetite-stimulating

Question 6

Anorexigenic

Answer 6

appetite suppressing

Question 7

what does hedonic eating mean ?

Answer 7

Sense of emotional attachment to food and how they make us feel

eating for pleasure (taste, cravings), not because you’re physically hungry.

Question 8

whats leptin ?

Answer 8

• Its main job is to help regulate appetite, body weight, and metabolism.
• release from adipose tissue
• a tonic anorexigneic hormone
• proportional to fat mass

Question 9

what does homeostatic eating mean

Answer 9

eating because your body needs energy, not for pleasure.
This is driven by hormones like:
Ghrelin → tells you you’re hungry
Leptin, PYY, GLP-1 → signal fullness

Question 10

name the two metabolic signals

Answer 10

leptin and ghrelin

Question 11

How does leptin work ?

Answer 11

• when body fat increases, fat cells release more leptin
• Leptin travels to the hypothalamus in the brain and signals that you have enough energy stored.

This normally leads to:
Reduced appetite (it is anorexigenic, the opposite of orexigenic)
Increased energy

Question 12

whats leptin resistance ?

Answer 12

Many people with obesity actually have high leptin levels, but the brain stops responding to it — this is called leptin resistance.

When the brain doesn’t “see” the leptin:
Appetite stays high
Metabolism may slow
Weight becomes harder to regulate

Question 13

whats ghrelin ?

Answer 13

• the hormone which stimulates hunger
• Produced in the stomach, especially when its empty
• only known orexigenic hormone

When ghrelin levels rise its stimulates the hypothalamus in brain to :
Increase appetite
Make food seem more rewarding

Question 14

name the two gut hormones/ Episodic signals which reduce hunger

Answer 14

Peptide tyrosine-tryosine ( PYY )
and
Glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1 )

Question 15

whats Peptide tyrosine-tryosine ( PYY )

Answer 15

Anorexigenic hormone
Secreted from ilium in the stomach and the large intestine while feeding.

Once in the bloodstream, it travels to the hypothalamus and:
Decreases appetite
Slows gastric emptying (food stays in the stomach longer)
Reduces food intake overall

Question 16

whats Glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1 )

Answer 16

Anorexigenic hormone
Secreted from the ileum and large intestine with feeding

Reduces hunger, slows digestion, and helps regulate blood sugar.
Basis for several modern weight-loss medications.

Question 17

what do different macronutrients do to the ghrelin hormone ?

Answer 17

fat - weak suppress ability
protein - suppresses to greatest extent
CHO - biphasically = first a quick spike, then a slower, sustained release.

Question 18

what impact does exercise have on ghrelin ?

Answer 18

exercise causes ghrelin to drop, delaying feeding

due to reduced blood supply and lactic accumulation making it feel as if its not time to eat

will increase hunger later in day