APUSH Unit 4

Question 1

Election of 1800

Answer 1

Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) defeated Adams (Federalist). Peaceful transfer of power between parties → a major precedent.

Question 2

Jeffersonian Vision

Answer 2

Empire of liberty — small farmers, limited federal government, strict interpretation of the Constitution.

Question 3

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Answer 3

Established judicial review.

Question 4

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Answer 4

Doubled U.S. size; Jefferson stretched his strict constructionism for national benefit.

Question 5

Embargo Act (1807)

Answer 5

Halted foreign trade; hurt U.S. economy but showed executive power expansion.

Question 6

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

Answer 6

Status quo ante bellum.
(in non-fancy words, turned shit back to before the War of 1812)

Question 7

Hartford Convention (1814-15)

Answer 7

Federalist opposition → decline of the Federalist Party.

Question 8

Henry Clay’s American System

Answer 8

Protective tariff, national bank, internal improvements (infrastructure).

Question 9

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Answer 9

National Bank is constitutional; federal law > state law.

Question 10

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Answer 10

Congress controls interstate commerce.

Question 11

Transportation (Market Revolution)

Answer 11

Erie Canal, railroads, steamboats → regional specialization.

Question 12

Communication (Market Revolution)

Answer 12

Telegraph increased speed of information.

Question 13

Industrialization (Market Revolution)

Answer 13

Textile mills (Lowell System), factory work, wage labor.

Question 14

Agriculture (Market Revolution)

Answer 14

Cotton gin (1793) → ‘Cotton Kingdom’ → expansion of slavery in the South.

Question 15

Social Impacts (Market Revolution)

Answer 15

Growth of middle class and wage labor.

Question 16

Urbanization led to what

Answer 16

Rise of immigration (Irish & German).

Question 17

Separate spheres ideology

Answer 17

Gendered roles → ‘Cult of Domesticity.’

Question 18

Labor movements

Answer 18

Began (ex: Commonwealth v. Hunt, 1842).

Question 19

Universal white male suffrage

Answer 19

Increased voter participation.

Question 20

Election of 1828

Answer 20

Andrew Jackson symbolized democratic expansion.

Question 21

Spoils System

Answer 21

Patronage for supporters.

Question 22

Nullification Crisis (1832-33)

Answer 22

South Carolina vs. federal tariff → Jackson defended union authority.

Question 23

Bank War (1832-36)

Answer 23

Jackson vetoed recharter of Second Bank; viewed it as corrupt and elitist.

Question 24

Indian Removal Act

Answer 24

Forced removal of southeastern tribes.

Question 25

Trail of Tears

Answer 25

The forced relocation of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States.

Question 26

Democrats (Jackson)

Answer 26

Political party advocating states' rights, limited government, and pro-common man policies.

Question 27

Whigs (Clay, Webster)

Answer 27

Political party supporting a strong national government, the American System, and social reform.

Question 28

Second Great Awakening

Answer 28

A religious revival emphasizing personal salvation and social improvement.

Question 29

Temperance Movement

Answer 29

A social movement aimed at limiting alcohol consumption, associated with the American Temperance Society.

Question 30

Abolitionism

Answer 30

The movement to end slavery, highlighted by figures like William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass.

Question 31

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 31

The first women's rights convention held in 1848, which produced the Declaration of Sentiments.

Question 32

Education Reform

Answer 32

Movement led by Horace Mann advocating for public schools.

Question 33

Prison/Asylum Reform

Answer 33

Initiative led by Dorothea Dix for humane treatment of the mentally ill.

Question 34

Manifest Destiny

Answer 34

The belief that the U.S. had a divine mission to expand westward.

Question 35

Adams-Onís Treaty

Answer 35

The 1819 treaty in which the U.S. gained Florida.

Question 36

Missouri Compromise

Answer 36

The 1820 agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, establishing the 36°30′ line.

Question 37

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 37

The 1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review.

Question 38

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 38

The 1819 Supreme Court case affirming implied powers and federal supremacy.

Question 39

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 39

The 1824 Supreme Court case that ruled Congress regulates interstate commerce.

Question 40

Worcester v. Georgia

Answer 40

The 1832 Supreme Court case recognizing Native tribes as sovereign nations, which was ignored by Jackson.

Question 41

Democratization

Answer 41

The expansion of suffrage and popular politics.

Question 42

Federal vs. State Power (social)

Answer 42

The ongoing debate over the balance of power between federal and state governments.

Question 43

Economic Change during the Market Revolution (3 things)

Answer 43

The transformation of labor, family, and regional economies during the Market Revolution.

Question 44

Sectionalism

Answer 44

The growing tensions between the North, which focused on industry and reform, and the South, which was based on agriculture and slavery.