archea me

Question 1

how do we know that archea is a distinct domain of life

Answer 1

similiar to bacteria

inhabitat harsh environments and anywhere you find life

Question 2

how are arcxhea similar to bacteria

Answer 2

they have no nucleus and chromosomes of similiar size and organization

Question 3

archea have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles so they are classsified as

Answer 3

prokaryotes

Question 4

where can bacteria be found both normal and harsh environments

Answer 4

normals: soils water and human body

harsh: boilinmg waters hot springs hydrothermal vents found in deep ocean or antarctica

Question 5

bacteria are nicknamed

Answer 5

extremeophiles

Question 6

how are archea differ bacteria

Question 7

phylogeny

Answer 7

comparison of organisms

Question 8

phylogenetic trees

Answer 8

use evolutionary changes and similiarity toi compare organisms

Question 9

how did carl woese and george fox find archea and bacteria differ

Answer 9

compared 16s rrna of bacteria and our unknown methane producing microbe

they compared those to the 18s rrna of some eukaryotes

Question 10

prokarytoci vs eukaryotic r rna gene difference

Answer 10

pro=16s

eukaryotes= 18s

Question 11

although early earth was very extreme how did givew rise to all

Answer 11

archeal and eukaryl cells branched off from bacteria

LUCA gave rise to bacteria

Question 12

what may have led to the evolution of archea and eukarya

Answer 12

histonesw

Question 13

what are histones

Answer 13

the dna packagin proteins that protect dna in high temps

found in eukarya and archeal cells

Question 14

cocci

Answer 14

spherical

Question 15

bacilli

Answer 15

rod

Question 16

ireguular

Answer 16

could be rectangular triangular or flat sqwaures

Question 17

archeal cytoplasm is similar to bacteria how

Answer 17

has diverse mixture of molecules also

prokaryotic so they will also have a region containing the genetic information which is the nucleoid

and has inclsuion bodies

Question 18

nucleoid

Answer 18

in prokayrotes cyto and region stores genetic information that is non membrane bound

(not an organelle just a region)

Question 19

what does nucleoid usually have in it

Answer 19

single circular dsDNA molecule

Question 20

how does archeal cytoskeleton similar to eukarya

Answer 20

archeal skeleton has Ta0583 which is a eukaryotic actin homolog

Question 21

how is the cytoplasm in archea similar to ukarya

Answer 21

they have histones (very similar to h3 and h4 in eukarya)

archeal only have 4 histone
eukaryal have 8 histones’

Question 22

cell envelope

how is archeal plasma membrane similar to bacteria and eukaryotic function wise

Answer 22

selective permeability

also used for cell signaling (recieve and send)

energy storage

Question 23

even tho the function of archeal poasma membrane is similar to bacteria and eukarya the __________ is differenmt

Answer 23

they function similarilky but the compostion of archea is different

Question 24

archea plasma memvrane composition

Answer 24

made of 2 isoprenoids

phytanyl (bi =layer)
biphytasnyl (in monolayer)

with ether linkages

Question 25

archea living in high temp environemtn have what in plasma membrane

Answer 25

have isoprenoids bi9phyntanyl (a monolayer) fir added stability

Question 26

the monolayer in archeal is important for

Answer 26

high temps stability (so plasma mem w\ont melt)

Question 27

cell wall in archea function similar to bacteria and eukarya as

Answer 27

adds shapes protection and structure

Question 28

even tho cell wall in archea functions similarily to eukary and bacteria its compsotition is differrnt how

Answer 28

made of psedcuomurein (pseudopeptidoglycsan) in bacteria you have NAM in archeal you have NAT archeal has a beta 1-3 glycocoytic bond bacteria has a beta 1-4 glycosytic bond

Question 29

archeal cell structure

Answer 29

can have s layer (protection and adherance) can have cannulae: formation of networks (communication) can have a flagella (shorter than bacteria) (different composition. than bacteria) archeal have

Question 30

archeal flageullum have _____ subunits while bacterial have _____ subunits

Answer 30

archea are made up of different subunits bacterial are made up of different sub units

Question 31

archeaons can be classified into 4 superphyla:

Answer 31

eukarychaeota tack dpann asgard

Question 32

superhyla euryaarecheota methanogens

Answer 32

methanogens produce methane anaerobes they can cause disease(

Question 33

methanogens produce methane by the reducxtion

Answer 33

of co2 methanol fomale with H2

Question 34

what diseas can methanogens cause

Answer 34

gignivitisi (gum disease) irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) anorexia

Question 35

the rest of superphyla euraychaerotas is

Answer 35

thermophiles: hot environment hyperthermpohiles: extremely hot ] acidophiles: acidic environemt

Question 36

tack superphyla crenarcheota

Answer 36

thermophiles (55c) hyperthermo (80 celsisu) acidophiles (<6pH) barophiles (high pressure) (bottom ocean) all these have many adaptations for survival

Question 37

superphyla TACK thaurmarcheota

Answer 37

mesophiles (15 cels) and psychrophiles (<15 cels) important to biogeochemical cycling detected by rrna sequencing

Question 38

superphyla tack korarcheota

Answer 38

uncultivated (no to date)

Question 39

superphyla asgard lokiarcheota

Answer 39

smaples obtained near lokis castle norway may contain genes encoding eukarfyoticd signature protiens (may be closely related to eukarya)

Question 40

superphyla DPAnN nanoarcheota

Answer 40

nanoarchaeum equitans (only 0one cultivated) 0.4 nm diamter (very smnall) metabolic ndependence (form disticnt relationship with host organism)

Question 41

superphyla euryachaeota halophiles

Answer 41

require high NaCl concentraions (>1.5) maintain high intracell K+ concentrationms (offsets extracel;lular high sodium concentration) high GC cvontent genomes triple bondsz) (A and T= double bond) for protyein denaturing they have acidic proteins aspartic acid and glutamic acid utilize sunlight azs energy source (not thru chlorophyl use bactero rodopsin)

Question 42

spirilla

Answer 42

spiral