lec ch2

Question 1

prototrophs

Answer 1

can synthesize all needed macromolecules from a carbon source

Question 2

auxotroph

Answer 2

cannot synthesize all needed macromolecules from a carbon source

Question 3

where do auxotrophs get their needed materials since they cannot synthesize all materials

Answer 3

they get it from the environment

Question 4

aerobe vs anaerobe

Answer 4

general terms for how they grow

aerobe grow in presence of oxygen

anaerobe grow in prescene of less o2 in the environment

Question 5

AEROBES

obligate aerobes

Answer 5

must have oxygen (as much as possible)

Question 6

Nutrient concentration

more food then bacteria grow _______
less food then bacteria grow______

But ______

Answer 6

more food = more growth
less food = less growth

BUT there is a limit of food where it maxes out growth

Question 7

AEROBES

Microaerophiles

Answer 7

need a little oxygen

too much oxygen= harmful

Question 8

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 8

Can grow with OR without oxygen

Grow better with oxygen

Question 9

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Answer 9

Dont use oxygen

BUT oxygen does not hurt them

Question 10

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

Out of all the aerobes and anerobes which is the most adaptable

Answer 10

Facultative anaerobes

Grow with or without oxygen

Question 11

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

basic

Answer 11

above 7

Question 12

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

acidic

Answer 12

below 7

Question 13

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

neutral

Answer 13

at 7

Question 14

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

acidophiles

Answer 14

acidic environments

Question 15

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

alkaliphiles

Answer 15

basic environments

Question 16

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

most bacteria need aw of

Answer 16

> 0.9

Question 17

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

hypotonic

Answer 17

(low salt) (solute)

water goes into cell

cell swells

Salt & sugar pull water away

Question 18

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

Hypertonic

Answer 18

(high salt/sugar) (solute)

water leaves cell

cell shrinks (plasmolysis)

Salt & sugar pull water away

Question 19

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

isotonic

Answer 19

water in=water out

cell is happy

Salt & sugar pull water away

Question 20

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

what is this and what is going on

Answer 20

hyptonic solution (low salt)

Net water gain

Question 21

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

what solution is this and what is going on

Answer 21

hypertonic solution (high salt)

net water loss

Question 22

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

what solution is this and what is going on

Answer 22

istonic solution (equivlanet salt) (equilibirum)

no net loss or gain of water

Question 23

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

How do nutritional and environmental factors affect microbial growth?

Effects of temperature on microbial growth:

Answer 23

Temperature controls how fast enzymes work with controls the rate of reaction

Question 24

How do nutritional and environmental factors affect microbial growth?

Psychrophiles →

Effects of temperature on microbial growth:

Answer 24

cold

Question 25

# How do nutritional and environmental factors affect microbial growth? mesophiles | Effects of temperature on microbial growth:

Answer 25

moderate (body temperature)

Question 26

# How do nutritional and environmental factors affect microbial growth? thermophiles___> | Effects of temperature on microbial growth:

Answer 26

hot

Question 27

# How do nutritional and environmental factors affect microbial growth? hyperthermophiles | Effects of temperature on microbial growth:

Answer 27

extremely hot

Question 28

# How do nutritional and environmental factors affect microbial growth? Human pathogens = | Effects of temperature on microbial growth:

Answer 28

mesophiles (~37°C)

Question 29

# How can different types of microorganisms be grown in the laboratory? Solid (agar) →

Answer 29

bacteria form colonies

Question 30

# How can different types of microorganisms be grown in the laboratory? Liquid (broth) →

Answer 30

bacteria grow, but mix together

Question 31

# How can different types of microorganisms be grown in the laboratory? Complex media | media types

Answer 31

exact ingridients unknown

Question 32

# How can different types of microorganisms be grown in the laboratory? Defined media | media types

Answer 32

exact ingrindients known

Question 33

# How can different types of microorganisms be grown in the laboratory? Differential → | Specialized media

Answer 33

shows visible differences

Question 34

# How can different types of microorganisms be grown in the laboratory? Selective → | Specialized media

Answer 34

allows some bacteria, stops others

Question 35

# How can different types of microorganisms be grown in the laboratory? Enriched → | Specialized media

Answer 35

extra nutrients for picky bacteria

Question 37

# Factors Affecting Microbial Growth neutrophiles

Answer 37

neutral PH (most pathogens)

Question 38

# ANAEROBES Obligate anaerobes

Answer 38

oxygen is toxic and it kills them