Article appraisal

Question 1

What are the levels of evidence

Answer 1

• meta analysis
• systematic review
• RCT
• cohort study
• outcome studies
• case control study
• cross sectional study
• case series
• case study

Question 2

Why do we need EBP

Answer 2

• need to be accountable for the care we render by backing it with clinical evidence
• link theory to practice
• third party reimbursement

Question 3

What are the steps in practicing EBP

Answer 3

• ask
• acquire
• appraise
• apply
• assess

Question 4

What are the different charts used for evaluating the strength of evidence

Answer 4

• centre for evidence-based medicine (CEBM)
• strength-of-recommendation taxonomy (SORT)
• grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE)

Question 5

CEBM is based on what

Answer 5

• specific clinical questions and then ranks the evidence on how to best answer this question

Question 6

What is the basic approach to reading an article

Answer 6

• WHO: author and participants
• WHAT: purpose and variables
• WHERE and WHEN
• HOW: data collection and methods
• WHY: importance of the findings

Question 7

What checklists could you use for clinical trials

Answer 7

• RCT: CONSORT or PEDro
• meta-analysis or systematic review: PRISMA

Question 8

What checklist could you use for epidemiology

Answer 8

• STROBE

Question 9

What checklist could you use for diagnosis

Answer 9

• STARD
• meta analysis or systematic review: QUADAS

Question 10

Define CONSORT

Answer 10

• consolidated standards of reporting trials
• 25 questions focused on each section of the article
• used to improve the reporting of RCT

Question 11

Define PEDro

Answer 11

• physiotherapy evidence database
• allows quantification of the quality of the study
• 10 point scale answering yes or no (higher the score = better study)