1
Q
What is the hazardous opening range for head entrapment?
A
Between 3.5 inches and 9 inches (torso can pass but head cannot).
2
Q
Which tools are used to test head entrapment hazards?
A
Torso probe and head probe.
3
Q
What defines a protrusion hazard?
A
Any projection that can impale or lacerate, e.g., bolts with more than two exposed threads, open S-hooks.
4
Q
What is an entanglement hazard?
A
When clothing, drawstrings, or items around the neck become caught on equipment (ropes, hooks, bolts).
5
Q
Name two common crush/shear hazard locations.
A
Moving parts like seesaws, suspension points of swings.
6
Q
What are common tripping hazards?
A
Exposed footings, abrupt surfacing changes, anchoring devices.
7
Q
What is the difference between critical height and fall height?
A
Critical height = max fall height the surface can protect from life-threatening head injury; Fall height = highest designated play surface to ground.
8
Q
Which ASTM standard covers impact attenuation for playground surfacing?
A
ASTM F1292 (lab) and ASTM F3313 (field).
9
Q
Which surfaces are NOT acceptable under playground equipment?
A
Concrete, asphalt, grass, dirt.
10
Q
What is the minimum depth for loose-fill surfacing such as wood chips?
A
9-12 inches (allowing for 25% compression over time).
11
Q
Which ASTM covers Engineered Wood Fiber (EWF)?
A
ASTM F2075.
12
Q
Which ASTM covers rubber mulch surfacing?
A
ASTM F3012.
13
Q
Which ASTM covers accessibility of surfacing?
A
ASTM F1951.
14
Q
What are the three main age groups defined in CPSC?
A
Toddlers: 6-23 months; Preschool: 2-5 years; School-age: 5-12 years.
15
Q
What is a Use Zone?
A
The area under/around equipment where a child might fall or exit, requiring protective surfacing.
16
Q
What must signage/labels indicate on playgrounds?
A
Age appropriateness and potential hazards.
17
Q
What are common factors in playground layout design?
A
Accessibility, age separation, conflicting activities, sight lines, supervision.
18
Q
What materials are NOT recommended due to toxicity?
A
CCA-treated wood mulch.
19
Q
What factors affect inspection frequency?
A
Usage level, vandalism, climate.
20
Q
What should be included in maintenance inspections?
A
Loose bolts, rust, corrosion, missing protective caps, displaced surfacing.
21
Q
How should unsafe equipment be managed?
A
Tag out or remove from service until repaired.
22
Q
What documents should be kept in a site history file?
A
Installation instructions, compliance certificates, inspection and maintenance records.
23
Q
What is the purpose of injury reporting and investigation?
A
To identify hazards, prevent recurrence, and provide documentation.
24
Q
What defines the ‘Standard of Care’ in playground safety?
A
Following CPSC and ASTM guidelines is considered reasonable care.
25
What is the main cause of playground fatalities?
Strangulation from entanglement hazards (ropes, drawstrings, leashes).
26
What are common locations for entrapment hazards?
Partially bound openings, angles in climbing equipment, between guardrails or barriers.
27
What is the danger of protrusions on slides or swings?
They can catch clothing or injure children upon impact.
28
Name two tools used for protrusion testing.
Protrusion gauge, projection template.
29
What is the purpose of the crush/shear test dowel?
To determine whether moving parts can entrap or crush fingers or limbs.
30
Why are grass and dirt not acceptable as protective surfacing?
They lose shock absorption due to wear, compaction, and weathering.
31
What is the most important factor in reducing life-threatening head injuries?
Shock-absorbing protective surfacing under and around equipment.
32
What is the recommended initial fill level for loose-fill surfacing?
25% deeper than required to allow for compression (e.g., 12 in for 9 in requirement).
33
What ASTM standard guides installation/maintenance of poured-in-place surfacing?
ASTM F2479.
34
What is the recommended buffer between areas for different age groups?
A physical buffer such as shrubs or benches to separate zones.
35
What equipment is not recommended for public playgrounds?
Trampolines, giant strides, unsecured climbing ropes, free-swinging ropes, swinging exercise rings.
36
What should be avoided in fence design around playgrounds?
Climbable horizontal members, openings > 1.75 inches, protrusion hazards.
37
What should signage warn about besides age appropriateness?
Potential hazards and supervision requirements.
38
What is the purpose of audit forms?
To evaluate overall compliance of equipment with standards at installation or major inspection.
39
What is the purpose of inspection forms?
To check routine maintenance issues and identify hazards in daily/weekly checks.
40
Why should loose-fill surfacing be raked regularly?
To maintain proper depth and reduce displacement under swings and slides.
41
Why is recordkeeping important for playground safety?
Provides documentation for liability, compliance, and accident investigations.
42
What is the role of compliance documents from manufacturers?
They verify that equipment and surfacing meet ASTM and CPSC standards.
43
What is included in a site history file?
Original plans, installation records, compliance certificates, inspection and maintenance logs.
44
What is the Primary ASTM Playground Standard?
ASTM F1487 - Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public Use
45
What role does the CPSC play in playground safety?
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Provides the Public Playground Safety Handbook as a set of guidelines.
46
What is the most common cause of playground injuries?
Falls to an improper surface.
47
Define Entanglement Hazard
Occurs when a child's clothing (like a drawstring) or an item worn around the neck becomes caught on equipment, potentially leading to strangulation.
48
Define Protrusion Hazard
A projection that can impale or tear skin or clothing, causing puncture wounds or lacerations.
49
What is the Head Entrapment Opening Size?
Any enclosed opening greater than 3.5 inches and less than 9 inches.
50
Define Crush/Shear Point
An area between moving parts of equipment where a body part could be crushed or severed.
51
What tools can be used to identify Entanglement Hazards?
Protrusion gauge and string/cord simulator.
52
What tool is used to identify Protrusion Hazards?
Protrusion gauge.
53
What tools are used to identify Entrapment Hazards?
Head and Torso probes.
54
What tool is used to identify Crush/Shear Hazards?
5/8 inch dowel.
55
What is the Primary ASTM Standard for Surfacing?
ASTM F1292 - Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Systems Under and Around Playground Equipment.
56
Define Impact Attenuation
The ability of a surface material to absorb impact and reduce the severity of injuries from a fall.
57
What is Critical Height?
The fall height below which a life-threatening head injury would not be expected.
58
What is Fall Height?
The vertical distance between the highest designated play surface on the equipment and the protective surfacing below.
59
What is the ASTM Standard for Engineered Wood Fiber?
ASTM F2075 - Standard Specification for Engineered Wood Fiber for Use as a Playground Safety Surface.
60
What are unsuitable surfacing materials?
* Asphalt
* Concrete
* Dirt
* Grass
61
What are the Playground Age Groupings?
* Infant/Toddler (6-23 months)
* Preschool (2-5 years)
* School-age (5-12 years)
62
What is the difference between Guardrail and Barrier?
A guardrail prevents accidental falls. A barrier is intended to prevent climbing and to stop a child from passing through.
63
What is the Platform Guardrail Requirement for Preschoolers?
A guardrail is required for platform heights between 20 and 30 inches.
64
What is the Platform Barrier Requirement for Preschoolers?
A barrier is required for platform heights over 30 inches.
65
Define Use Zone
The area under and around a piece of equipment where a child is expected to land after falling or exiting the equipment.
66
What is the Swing Use Zone?
Extends a distance equal to twice the height of the swing pivot point from the ground, both in front of and behind the swing.
67
What is the S-Hook Requirement?
S-hooks must be closed. An S-hook is considered closed if the gap or space is no greater than 0.04 inches (the thickness of a dime).
68
What is the Bolt Requirement?
Bolts should not protrude more than two full threads beyond the end of the nut.
69
What factors affect inspection frequency?
* Usage level
* Equipment type
* Age
* Climate
* Pre-existing maintenance issues
70
How should damaged equipment be handled?
Take it out of service immediately and repair or replace it according to the manufacturer's instructions.
71
What should a Site History File contain?
* Installation information
* Manufacturer's catalogs
* Inspection and maintenance records
* Injury reports
* All relevant communications
72
What does the CPSI Code of Professional Conduct emphasize?
Acting with integrity, objectivity, and competence, and placing the safety of children above all other considerations.
73
What is required for Injury Reporting?
Document all injuries that occur on the site and investigate to determine the cause and implement corrective action.
74
What is the first step in a playground inspection?
Conduct a visual inspection to identify obvious hazards.
75
What is the purpose of a playground audit?
A comprehensive review of the playground's compliance with safety standards and guidelines.
76
What is a 'Standard of Care' policy?
A policy that defines the level of care and maintenance required to ensure a playground is reasonably safe.
77
What does ASTM F1292 address?
The impact attenuation of surfacing systems.
78
Why is proper drainage important on a playground?
To prevent the accumulation of water, which can damage surfacing materials and lead to standing water hazards.
79
What is a 'pinch point'?
An area where body parts, especially fingers, could be caught between two moving parts.
80
What is the difference between a use zone and an 'equipment-specific use zone'?
A use zone is for general equipment, while an equipment-specific use zone is for equipment like swings, which have a larger area of concern.
81
What is the purpose of a site history file?
To maintain a complete record of all activities, inspections, and repairs related to the playground.
82
When should a piece of equipment be taken out of service?
Immediately, if it presents an imminent danger to users.
83
What is a key consideration for selecting a playground site?
Accessibility, drainage, and visibility.
84
What is the primary goal of a playground inspector?
To identify and mitigate hazards to ensure a safe play environment for children.
85
What is a 'recessed' fastener?
A fastener where the threads do not protrude from the nut, eliminating a potential snag hazard.
86
What is the recommended method for inspecting equipment not covered by specific standards?
Use professional judgment based on the general principles of the CPSC Handbook and ASTM standards.
87
What is a common cause of entanglement hazards?
Unfinished S-hooks or other projections that can snag clothing or ropes.
88
What does the term 'fall height' dictate?
The minimum critical height required for the protective surfacing below.
89
How does the CPSI Code of Professional Conduct guide a professional?
It sets ethical guidelines, including integrity, objectivity, and prioritizing child safety.
90
Why are records of corrective actions important?
They provide a historical record of maintenance and demonstrate due diligence.
91
What is the purpose of a compliance document from a manufacturer?
To certify that the equipment or surfacing meets relevant safety standards.
92
What is the best way to report an injury on a playground?
Document all details, including the date, time, nature of the injury, and a description of the equipment involved.
93
What is the importance of signage on a playground?
To communicate rules, age-appropriateness, and emergency contact information to users.
94
What is the first step in a risk management plan for a playground?
Identify potential hazards and assess the level of risk.
95
What is a 'crush point'?
An area where a body part could be caught and crushed between a moving and a stationary part of the equipment.
96
What is the most important factor in a risk assessment?
The severity of the potential injury and the likelihood of the hazard causing an injury.
97
Why is a 'site history file' a critical document?
It provides a comprehensive record for legal defense and demonstrates a history of due diligence in maintenance.
98
What is a 'snag hazard'?
A projection or gap that can catch a child's clothing or a drawstring, leading to entanglement.
99
What is the recommended size for a playground's use zone?
Typically a minimum of 6 feet around the perimeter of the equipment.
100
What are the three main types of playground hazards?
Entrapment, entanglement, and protrusion/crush/shear.
101
What is 'ASTM F2049'?
The standard for public playground equipment on indoor play areas.
102
How should an inspector handle a non-compliant piece of equipment?
Document the hazard, prioritize it, and recommend immediate corrective action, including taking it out of service if necessary.
103
What is the difference between a swing's use zone and its 'fall zone'?
'Fall zone' specifically refers to the area where a child would land after a fall.
104
What is the purpose of a playground maintenance plan?
To ensure the long-term safety and functionality of the playground through scheduled inspections and repairs.
105
What are 'geotextile fabrics' used for in surfacing?
To prevent the protective surfacing material from mixing with the subsoil.
106
What is a common hazard associated with swings?
Unclosed S-hooks and excessive swing angles.
107
How should a playground be designed for different age groups?
Separate play areas or distinct sections for toddlers, preschoolers, and school-age children.
108
What is the 'CPSI' Code of Professional Conduct?
A set of ethical rules for certified inspectors, emphasizing objectivity, competence, and putting child safety first.
109
What is the recommended frequency for a 'high-use' playground inspection?
Daily or weekly visual inspections, with more in-depth inspections monthly or quarterly.
110
What is the purpose of a 'fall height' measurement?
To determine if the protective surfacing has an adequate 'critical height' to cushion falls from that height.
111
Why is proper drainage a key factor in surfacing maintenance?
It prevents the decomposition of organic materials and maintains the effectiveness of loose-fill surfaces.
112
What should a playground audit form include?
Sections for identifying hazards, documenting compliance with standards, and providing recommendations for corrective action.
113
What is the key to effective record keeping for a playground?
Completeness, accuracy, and accessibility of all inspection, maintenance, and injury reports.
114
How do playground materials and manufacturing affect safety?
Poor quality materials or manufacturing can lead to premature wear, breakage, and the creation of new hazards.
CPSI 1
flashcards
Decks in class (18)
# Cards
-
asd114
-
F1487-21: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION50
-
F1487-21:Surfacing51
-
F1487-21:PLAYGROUND ENVIRONMENT50
-
F1487-21:AUDIT, INSPECTION, AND MAINTENANCE51
-
F1487-21:RISK MANAGEMENT50
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F2223+F3313: Hazard Identification96
-
F2223+F3313: Surfacing93
-
F2223+F3313: Playground Environment94
-
F2223+F3313:Audit, Inspection, and Maintenance92
-
F2223+F3313: Risk Management92
-
F1292: section 2 surfacing first100
-
F1292: section 2 surfacing second100
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ADA+CPSC: Section1 Hazard Identification106
-
ADA+CPSC: section 2Surfacing100
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ADA+CPSC: section 3 Playground Environment64
-
ADA+CPSC:Section 4: Audit, Inspection, and Maintenance92
-
ADA+CPSI: Section 5: Risk Management99
