Order of the solar system:
Sun
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Asteroid Belt
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Kuiper Belt: Pluto, Eris, Sedna
Comets
Oort Cloud
How big is the universe approximately?
46 billion light years in every direction
What is a satellite?
Anything that orbits something else.
They can be natural or artificial
What can satellites be used for?
Telescopes
Weather
TV
Radio
Internet
GPS
Observation
Communications
Scientific experiments
Military
What does GEO stand for?
Geostationary orbit
Describe Geostationary orbit in regards to:
- Height
- Speed
- Orbit
High = 36 000 km
Slow = 11 000 km/h
Orbits same place on Earth as it spins
Describe Polar orbit in regards to:
- Height
- Speed
- Orbit
Low = 600-900 km
Quick = 28 000 km/h
Orbits around the poles in a short time
How do satellites stay in orbit?
Gravity
How does centripetal force affect satellites?
They accelerate towards the centre (newtons 2nd law)
What does acceleration at right angles to motion affect?
It’s direction, not speed
What is centripetal force?
Force that acts towards the centre of the circle
What does the force of gravity vary with?
Distance
What do satellites with a smalleye orbital radius need to for their orbits to be stable?
A faster speed
State the lifecycle of a star from a SMALL nebula:
Smaller nebula —> protostar —> the sun —> red giant —> white dwarf
State the lifecycle of a star from a LARGE nebula:
Larger nebula —> protostar —> stars larger than our sun —> supermassive red giant —> supernova —> neutron star or black hole
How is a protostar formed?
Dust and gas from the nebula is pulled together by gravity
How are stars formed?
As the mass of dust and gas from the protostar falls together, it gets hit. Hot enough for nuclear fusion = hydrogen to helium
How is a red giant formed?
When all the hydrogen has been used up in the fusion process of a star, larger nuclei form and the star expands
How is a white dwarf formed?
The outer layers of a red giant are ejected
How is a supermassive red giant formed?
Core collapses
