Describe the pathogenesis of artherosclerosis
damaged endothelium
increased permeability to monocytes
macrophage activation and smoth muscles recruitment
engulfement of lipids (lipid streak)
smooth muscle, collagen and other gross things proliferate
What can we find in the middle of the etheromatous plaque?
fatty and necrotic center
what surrounds the plaque inside the lumen
fibrous cap
What are the differnces between a vulnerable and stable plaque?
vulnerable = thin fibrous cap and more inflammatory cells
stable = thick fibrous cap, mostly necrotic center
How does the size of the lumen change between stable and vulnerablke plaque?
stable = preserved lumen
vulnerable = preserved, but can rupture
when a vulnerable plaque ruptures, what are the 2 possibilities?
it heals = small lumen and fibrous intima
MI
What are some complications of atherosclerosis?
stroke
renal artery disease
aneurysms
coronary artery disease
peripheral artrery disease
What are the 2 categories of risk factors for atherosclerosis?
modifiable
non modifiable
what are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis?
dyslipidemia
tobacco
hypternsion
diabetes
sedentary lifestyle
what are non modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis
age
male sexz
heredity
What is the greatest modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis?
hyperlipidemia
what kind of lipoprotein is the most dangerous and which is considered protective
dangerous = LDL
protective = HDL
How can smoking increase risk of atherosclerosis?
more oxidation of LDL
less HDL
more oxidant stress
more platelet adhesiveness
more thrombosis
how can hypertention increase risk of atherosclerosis
endothelial injusry
more permeability of vessel wall
more inflammation
increase angiotensin 2 = increases lipoxygenase activity (LDL)
true or false?
80% of people with diabetes get atherosclerosis
true
what is metabolic syndrome
AKA: insulin resistance syndrome
accumulation of problems:
hypertension
less HDL
hyperglycemia
visceral obesity (in abdomen)
How is homocysteine related to atherosclerosis?
can cause endothelial damage
found in 6% of the population and give premature atherosclerosis
True or false?
Estrogen is protective against heart and vascular problems
true
increase HDL and lowers LDL
antiplatelet action
Give example of systemic inflammation diseases that could cause atherosclerosis?
lupus (SLE)
arthritis (RA)
What drug is known for causing atheroscelrosis
cocaine
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Histology66
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Anatomy74
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Hemodynamics56
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The heart pump52
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Blood pressure30
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Orthostasis25
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ECG34
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Electrophysiology106
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Embryology32
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Epidemiology35
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Pharmacology21
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Valves36
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Heart sounds39
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Pericardium disease30
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physiology 260
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Atherosclerosis21
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CAD14
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Pharmacology122
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Ischemic heart disease38
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acute coronary syndromes19
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systemic and pulmonary vascular pathobiology9
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imaging25
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Vascular disease50
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Dyslipidemia34
