Atomic bonding and structure

Question 1

what is an isotope

Answer 1

atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers

Question 2

What is relative atomic mass (RAM)?

Answer 2

The weighted average mass of all isotopes of an element

Question 3

Why is RAM not a whole number

Answer 3

Because it is an average of isotopes

Question 4

What does abundance mean

Answer 4

How common an isotope is

Question 5

What are stable isotopes

Answer 5

Isotopes that do not decay

Question 6

Why do neutrons increase stability

Answer 6

They reduce repulsion between protons

Question 7

How do you calculate RAM

Answer 7

(mass × abundance) + (mass x abundance)
… ÷ 100

Question 8

What is carbon-14 used for

Answer 8

Carbon dating (finding age of remains)

Question 9

What is a covalent bond

Answer 9

electrostatic attraction between 2 positive nuclei and a shared pair of electrons

Question 10

Which elements form covalent bonds

Answer 10

Non-metals

Question 11

Why do atoms form covalent bonds

Answer 11

To get a full outer shell

Question 12

What are valence electrons

Answer 12

electrons furthest from the nucleus (outer shell electrons)

Question 13

What do dot and cross diagrams show

Answer 13

Outer electrons and shared pairs

Question 14

What does a shared pair represent

Answer 14

One covalent bond

Question 15

Why use dots and crosses

Answer 15

To show electrons from different atoms

Question 16

What is a structural formula

Answer 16

a way to show bonds between atoms

Question 17

Single bond =

Answer 17

1 shared pair of electrons

Question 18

Double bond =

Answer 18

2 shared pairs of electrons

Question 19

Triple bond =

Answer 19

3 shared pairs of electrona

Question 20

2 atoms → shape? angle

Answer 20

Linear, 180°

Question 21

3 atoms → shape

Answer 21

Bent (angular)

Question 22

4 atoms shape

Answer 22

Trigonal pyramidal

Question 23

Why are some molecules bent

Answer 23

Lone pairs repel bonding pairs

Question 24

What are the two types of covalent structures

Answer 24

Molecular and network

Question 25

What are molecular substances made of?

Answer 25

Small molecules

Question 26

Forces between molecular molecules

Answer 26

weak intermolecular forces

Question 27

Melting/boiling points for molecular

Answer 27

low

Question 28

molecular State at room temp

Answer 28

Gas, liquid or solid

Question 29

Does molecular conduct electricity

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Covalent network

Answer 30

A giant structure with strong covalent bonds throughout the lattice

Question 31

Examples of network

Answer 31

Carbon, silicon, boron

Question 32

5 atoms and shape

Answer 32

tetrahedral

Question 33

Melting/boiling points for network

Answer 33

Very high

Question 34

Does network conduct electricity

Answer 34

no except from graphite

Question 35

Why high melting points in network

Answer 35

Strong covalent bonds throughout lattice

Question 36

What type of elements form ionic compounds

Answer 36

metal + non metal

Question 37

What is an ionic bond

Answer 37

electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 38

What structure do ionic compounds form

Answer 38

ionic lattice

Question 39

ionic melting and boiling points

Answer 39

high

Question 40

ionic state at room temp

Answer 40

solid

Question 41

solubility of ionic

Answer 41

often soluble in water

Question 42

Do ionic compounds conduct when solid

Answer 42

no

Question 43

do ionic compounds conduct when molten or dissolved

Answer 43

yes

Question 44

why do ions conduct when molten or dissolved

Answer 44

ions can move freely

Question 45

How to identify bonding type

Answer 45

conductivity test

Question 46

How to do conductivity test

Answer 46

metals conduct when solid and liquid ionic conducts when molten or dissolved covelant dosent conduct besides graphite

Question 47

Atomic number

Answer 47

number of protons

Question 48

mass number

Answer 48

number of protons and neutrons

Question 49

group 1 in periodic table

Answer 49

Alkali metals

Question 50

group 7 in periodic table

Answer 50

halogens

Question 51

group 0/8 in periodic table

Answer 51

noble gases

Question 52

List the diatomic elements

Answer 52

H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2

Question 53

Structure of noble gases

Answer 53

monatomic (exists and single atoms)

Question 54

Ion

Answer 54

a charged atom formed when atom has gained or lost electrons

Question 55

why do atoms form ions

Answer 55

to gain a full outer shell of electrons this makes them more stable

Question 56

why are atoms neutral

Answer 56

equal amount of protons and electrons

Question 57

a proton has a mass of ... and a charge of .....

Answer 57

mass =1 charge = +1

Question 58

a neutron has a mass of ... and a charge of ...

Answer 58

mass= 1 charge = 0

Question 59

an electron has a mass of ... and has a charge of ...

Answer 59

mass = 0 charge = -1

Question 60

ions have the same electron arrangement as the nearest ...

Answer 60

noble gas

Question 61

why do noble gases not form ions

Answer 61

they already have a full outershell

Question 62

are metal ions positive or negative

Answer 62

positive

Question 63

are non metal ions positive or negative

Answer 63

negative

Question 64

the charge of an ion is equal to the elements

Answer 64

valency

Question 65

how to figure out group number

Answer 65

outer electrons = group number They have similar chemcial properties

Question 66

If conducts as solid or solid and liquid its ....

Answer 66

metalic

Question 67

if conducts as liquid its ...

Answer 67

ionic

Question 68

if dosent conduct and has high MP and BP its ...

Answer 68

covelant network

Question 69

if it dosent conduct and has low MP and BP its ...

Answer 69

covelant molecular

Question 70

Covelant molecular substances

Answer 70

Hydrogen, chlorine, ammonia

Question 71

Ionic compound substances

Answer 71

Sodium chloride

Question 72

Metallic elements

Answer 72

copper, iron

Question 73

What carbon isotope is stable

Answer 73

Carbon 12

Question 74

What is an unstable isotope

Answer 74

An isotope that decays because its nucleus is not stable.

Question 75

Main isotopes and there stability

Answer 75

Carbon‑12 (stable) Carbon‑14 (unstable) Iodine‑131 (unstable) Uranium‑238 (unstable)

Question 76

whay group reacts most violently with water

Answer 76

group 1

Question 77

how reactive are the group 1 elements

Answer 77

very reactive

Question 78

what does the reactivity do when going down the column of group 1 and group 2

Answer 78

reactivity increases when going down e.g. potassium is more reactive than lithium

Question 79

how reactive is group 7

Answer 79

very reactive non metals

Question 80

what does the reactivity do when going down the column in group 7

Answer 80

reactivity decreases going down the group e.g. chlorine is more reactive than iodine

Question 81

how reactive are noble gases group 0

Answer 81

very unreactive

Question 82

Chemical property

Answer 82

description of thr chemical behaviour of a substance