What is a monomer
A small molecule that joins with many others to form a polymer.
What is a polymer
very long chain molecule made from many repeating monomers joined together.
What are plastics
Materials that are polymers (long chain molecules).
What is the difference between natural and synthetic polymers
Natural polymers occur in nature (e.g. proteins). Synthetic polymers are man-made (e.g. plastics).
What is the difference between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics
Thermoplastics soften when heated and can be reshaped.
Thermosetting plastics do not soften once set
What gas is producer when plastic is burned
poisonous carbon monoxide
What is addition polymerisation
A chemical reaction where many unsaturated monomers join together to form a polymer
What type of monomers are used in addition polymerisation
Unsaturated monomers (usually alkenes).
Why are alkenes suitable for addition polymerisation?
Because they have a C=C double bond that can open and form new bonds.
What happens to the double bond during polymerisation?
The C=C bond breaks (opens) and forms single bonds linking monomers.
How are alkenes obtained?
From the naphtha fraction of crude oil (by cracking)
• By dehydration of alcohols
How are polymers named?
Add “poly” before the monomer name.
What must always be shown when drawing a polymer
The repeating unit in brackets
• End bonds (lines coming out the brackets)
Why are end bonds shown
To show the structure continues (it is only a fragment).
What is a repeating unit?
The shortest section of a polymer chain that repeats to form the whole polymer.
How do you find the repeating unit?
Identify the pattern that repeats.
Put brackets around it.
Show end bonds
How is the repeating unit related to the monomer?
is the monomer with the double bond opened and end bonds added.
How do you draw the monomer from a polymer?
Take the repeating unit.
Remove the end bonds.
Add back a C=C double bond.
What happens to side groups (branches) during polymerisation
They stay attached to the carbon chain.
What must you focus on when drawing addition polymers?
Only the double bond opens. Everything else stays the same.
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