give the characteristics of light
wavelength- distance between peak of a wave and another
amplitude (distance between trough and peak of a wave)
frequency (number of waves per unit of time)
light behaves as a….
wave but also as a particle, light comes in bundles known as photons
what is Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
electrons have wave properties and so electrons are spread out rather than in one place
exact position cannot be defined
more accurately we can pinpoint an electron the more uncertain we are about its motion and vice versa
the probable location of an electron is called a
cloud that orbits around the nucleus in an orbital
each electron has four quantum numbers, name what they are, they’re expected values and what they describe
principal quantum number (n)- describes the energy as this increases so does the size of the orbital is a positive integer
Azimuthal quantum number- describe the angular momentum integer is 0 or above but <n
magnetic quantum number- describes directionality, integer between +1 and -1
spin quantum number- describes spin direction is either 1/2 or -1/2
quantum numbers determine the….
size, shape orientation and electron spin of atomic orbitals
practice electron configurations of Mg, Ca and Zn
each atomic orbital contains a max of
2 electrons
