what are the five things functional groups can affect
toxicity
solubility
shape
acid/base properties
ADME
what does ADME stand for
absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
chemicals formula no.of carbons and name for each non branched alkane
CH4, 1 , methane
CH3CH3, 2, ethane
CH3CH2CH3, 3, propane
CH3CH2CH2CH3, 4, butane
rules for naming branched alkanes
1, find longest C chain
2. name branch by counting C min branch and adding yl to stem
3. branch+root+family= name
Draw 3-methylpentane
look it up
if there is more than one branch then name them in…….
alphabetical order
draw 4-ethyl-2-methyl-3-propylnonane
look it up
what is a covalent bond
when the electrons in the outer shell are shared between atoms
draw aspirin
draw paracetamol
recite your functional groups
how are cyclic alkanes named
number of carbons in ring followed by prefix cycle if the ring is not the longest chain then the ring becomes the branch and put the prefix as the root name (adding yl)
draw 1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane
what is a spiro compound
bicyclic alkanes which have two rings sharing only one carbon, prefix Spiro is added to the name
how to name a spiro carbon
number of carbons in each ring excluding central carbon is placed in square brackets with a dot between them, numbers always go low to high
draw 1-ethyl-6-methylspiro[3.5]nonane
what is a bridgehead compound
when two rings of a bicyclic compound have two carbons common the carbons are known as bridge ends and are given the prefix bicyclo
