What is the size of an atom?
1X10^-10
What is the size of the nucleus?
1X10^-14
What happens when an electron is excited?
It absorbs energy and jumps to a higher energy levelsd shell temporarily until it releases energy and jumps back down to a lower energy level shell.
What makes up the mass number?
The total amount of Protons and neutrons
What makes the atomic number?
The total amount of Protons
What makes the element?
The total amount of Protons
What is an isotope?
An atom with a different amount of neutrons
Who is John Dalton?
The scientist that discovered atoms-tiny spheres that could not be damaged
Who is JJ Thompson?
The scientific discovered electrons and suggested the plum pudding model-a mainly positive atom with negative electrons scattered through
Who is Rutherford?
The scientist that discovered the nucleus and that it had a positive charge -tested the plum pudding model by firing alpha at atoms(some alpha particles deflected or reflected)
Who is Niels Borh?
Scientist that discovered protons–and that the nucleus was made up of individual positive particles called protons and suggested electrons orbit the nucleus at different energy levels
Who is Chadwick?
Discovered literally charged particles called neutrons
What is the activity?
The amount of radiation that is being released( becquerel/bq)
What is the count rate?
The amount of radioactivity that is counted(count per second CPS)
What is radioactive decay?
Radiation released/emitted from an unstable nucleus to become stable
What is a Geiger Muler?
See machine that detects radiation by detecting the ionising atoms and displays the radiation count
What is an alpha particle?
A helium nucleus (two neutrons, two protons)-charge of +2 -mass of 4 -high abilities ionise -absorbed by paper -and has a > 5 cm range in air
What is a beta particle?
A high-speed electron -charge of -1 -mass of 0 -medium mobility to ionise -absorbed by aluminium -around 1m range in air
What is gamma?
High frequency electromagnetic wave - charge of 0 - mass of 0 -low abilities to ionise -absorbed by lead -can travel <1km in air
What is the difference between random error and systematic error?
Random errors are unpredictable i’m very each time there measured whereas systematic errors are consistent and affect result in the same way every time
What is a half-life?
The amount of time the radioactive substance will take before it’s radioactivity halves
What happens to an element if it is decayed by Alpha?
The mass number adds four and they atomic number add two
What happens to an element if it decayed by beta?
The mass number stays the same, and the atomic number adds one
What proportions need to be taken when handling a radioactive source?
-Gloves and lead lined apron
-Tongs
-Stored in locked cupboard in locked room
-Limited exposure
-Training
-regularly monitored
-Strict control of how radioactive waste is disposed of
(if not can cause cancer or radiation sickness)
