ATP

Question 1

What makes up ATP

Answer 1

-adenine base, ribose sugar and three phosphate groups

Question 2

How is ATP formed

Answer 2

• aerobic respiration
• ATP synthase catalyses reaction between ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 3

Biological uses of ATP

Answer 3

• active transport
• muscle contraction
• activating chemistry through phosphorylation
• synthesis of polymers

Question 4

What is the basic role of ATP

Answer 4

• immediate source of energy
• small, manageable quantities of energy are released through ATP hydrolysis
• hydrolysis rapid as is a one-step reaction
• cannot be stored, constantly being regenerated (ATP cycle)
• more active cells = faster ATP cycle

Question 5

Hydrolysis of ATP

Answer 5

• ATP hydrolase
• ATP + H2O —> ADP + Pi

Question 6

Why is ATP a ‘universal currency’

Answer 6

• uses by all cells in all living organisms
• drives process that require an input of energy (endergonic)
• all organisms must convert their source of energy into ATP

Question 7

Describe how ATP has a low activation energy

Answer 7

• little amount of energy required to hydrolyse ATPs third ester bond
• lots of energy released (endergonic reaction)

Question 8

3 ways in which ATP is synthesised

Answer 8

• photophosphorylation (LDR)
• oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic respiration)
• substance level phosphorylation (enzyme action)

Question 9

5 uses of ATP in cells

Answer 9

• synthesis of complex molecules (e.g protein synthesis)
• active transport
• muscle contraction
• maintaining body temperature (ATPase releasing heat energy through ATP hydrolysis)
• activating biochemistry through phosphorylation (glycolysis)