Attachment Studies

Question 1

What did schaffer and emerson find about the father?

Answer 1

at first only 3% of the time was the father the sole attachment figure.
27% of the time, the father was the joint attachment figure.
75% formed an attachment at 18 months.

Question 2

What did Grossman find about the father?

Answer 2

that the fathers role was more important in play, quality of fathers play = quality of adolescent relationships.

Question 3

What did Tiffany Field find about the father?

Answer 3

that primary caregiver fathers had the possibility to be more emotion focused, like primary caregiver mothers, when observing 4 month old babies.

Question 4

Procedure of strange situation.

Answer 4

Ainsworth.
A controlled observation, lab experiment.
judges:
- proximity seeking
- exploration and secure-base behaviour.
- stranger / separation anxiety
- response to reunion.

Question 5

Findings of strange situation.

Answer 5

3 types of attachment:
1. secure: explores happily, regularly checks caregiver, moderate separation distress, 60-75% of british babies.
2. insecure-avoidant: explore freely, do not check regularly, little or no reunion behaviour. 20-25% of british babies.
3. insecure-resistant: seek greater proximity, explore less, high separation and stranger anxiety.

Question 6

What did Ijzendoorn find about cultural variation?

Answer 6

Secure attachment was most common in every culture. but 75% in britain to 50% in china.
insecure resistant least common.
variation within countries: in US, one study showed only 46% secure, in another, 90%.

Question 7

What was Ijzendoorn’s procedure?

Answer 7

meta analysis of 36 studies with 1990 children.

Question 8

What did the italian study show about cultural variation?

Answer 8

50% secure with 36% avoidant. Because of increasing numbers of mothers working and using professional child care. shows how attachment is not static.

Question 9

what did the korean study show?

Answer 9

similar results to Ijzendoorn’s findings in Japan, showing how similar child rearing styles influence attachment type.

Question 10

What was the 44 thieves study?

Answer 10

Bowlby interviewed 44 criminal teenagers and compared with 44 non criminal (emotionally disturbed) teenagers, for affectionless psychopathy. Early separation was concluded to predict affectionless psychopathy.

Question 11

What was Rutter’s study (ERA)

Answer 11

Rutter compared 165 Romanian orphans to 52 british orphans.
longitudinal study on institutionalisation effects and how age of adoption impacted recovery. It was found that children adopted after 6 months showed disinhibited attachment, and the mean IQ for each age was:
Before 6 months: 102
Between 6 months and 2 years: 86
After 2 years: 77