Who researched the way that the STM and LTM code memories?
Alan Baddeley
Who researched the capacity of our STM (digit span)?
Joseph Jacobs
Who researched the capacity of our STM (memory span + chunking)?
George Miller
Who researched the duration of our STM?
Peterson and Peterson
Who researched the duration of our LTM?
Harry Bahrick
What is coding?
The process of converting information between different forms.
How is STM encoded?
Acoustically
How is LTM encoded?
Semantically
How did Baddeley test the way STM and LTM was coded?
Giving participants 4 lists of words.
1. acoustically similar
2. acoustically dissimilar
3. semantically similar
4. semantically dissimilar
What is the strength of Baddeley’s study into the encoding of STM and LTM?
It identified a clear difference between STM and LTM, Later research has proven this. This information has influenced the making of the MSM.
What is the weakness of Baddeley’s study into the encoding of STM and LTM?
It uses artificial stimuli, the lists of words mean nothing to the participants, this means the findings have limited application.
What did Jacob’s find about the digit span of STM?
The mean number of digits recalled: 9.3
The mean number of letters recalled: 7.3
How did Jacob’s find his results?
Making participants repeat a list of letters/digits, and gradually increasing the length of the list by one each time they are correct.
What did Miller do?
Miller observed everyday practices to suggest the capacity of STM.
What did Miller conclude?
The capacity of STM is 7+/-2
What is chunking?
Grouping sets of digits or letters into chunks or units.
What is the strength of Jacob’s study into the capacity of STM?
It has been replicated. Jacob’s findings can be proven by other reliable, more controlled studies, increases validity of Jacob’s conclusions.
What is the weakness of Miller’s study into the capacity of STM?
He may have overestimated STM capacity, Cowan et al reviewed research and concluded the capacity may only be 4+/-2 items. Miller’s estimate is not very appropriate.
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OCD23
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Social influence1
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Phobias18
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Depression22
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Definitions of abnormality18
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Caregiver-infant interactions6
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Coding, capacity, and duration19
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Working memory model11
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social influence intro4
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Attachment general3
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Beautiful Bayle0
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Forgetting9
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EWT7
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stages of attachment2
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Origins of psychology16
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Behaviourist approach11
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Social learning theory1
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Biopsychology30
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Approaches key words35
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Memory key words20
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Social influence key words9
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Attachment key words9
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Biological factors of aggression11
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Aggression14
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Aggression exam questions6
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Attachment Studies11
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Social influence studies2
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Memory studies2
