Where are attempts defined?
s.1 Criminal Attempts Act 1981
What is the max sentence?
Usually the same as for the main offence
What is an attempt?
If, with intent to commit an offence […] a person does an act which is more than merely preparatory to the commission of the offence he is guilty of attempting to commit the offence
What is the AR?
An act which is more than merely preparatory to the commission of the offence
What is the MR?
With intent to commit that offence (full offence)
Case for AR, was an attempt
Boyle and Boyle
Case for AR, was not an attempt
Campbell
Case for MR
Recklessness (MR)
Not enough, however recklessness as to one part of the offence may be enough
Conditional intent (MR)
Conditional intent is enough
Case for conditional intent (MR)
A-G’s Reference (Nos. 1 and 2 of 1979)
What does s.1(2) Criminal Attempts Act 1981 say?
A person can be guilty of an attempted crime even though in the facts the commission of the offence is impossible
Case for attempting the factually impossible
Shivpuri
Legally impossible
If the offence D believes he is committing does not actually exist, then he cannot be guilty of an attempt
Legally impossible case
Taaffe
Is an intent to cause GBH enough? (+ case, MR)
No, Whybrow
Case for recklessness (MR)
Millard and Vernon