1
Q
Major body fluid
A
CSF
2
Q
Clear and colorless liquid composed primarily of water
A
CSF
3
Q
FUNCTIONS OF CSF
A
- Mechanical protection
- Homeostatic function
- Circulation
4
Q
Vol of CSF
A
- 20 mL/hour
- Adult: 90 – 150 mL
- Neonate: 10 – 60 mL
5
Q
Protective tissue coverings that encircle the spinal cord and brain.
A
Meninges
6
Q
Dense irregular connective tissue(Hard Mother)
A
Dura mater
7
Q
Thin, loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers (spiderweb-like)
A
Arachnoid mater
8
Q
Thin, transparent connective tissue layer (gentle mother)
A
Pia mater
9
Q
FORMATION of CSF
A
- 3rd choroid plexus
- Selected substances from the blood plasma
- Filtered from capillaries
- Secreted by ependymal cells
10
Q
Tube 1
A
Chemistry and serology
11
Q
Tube 2
A
Microbiology
12
Q
Tube 3
A
Hematology
13
Q
Tube 4
A
additional tests
14
Q
LUMBAR PUNCTURE
A
- Spinal tap
- Performed by a physician
- Between L3 and L4/L4 and L5
- Flexion of vertebral column
15
Q
is used to describe CSF supernatant that is pink, orange, or yellow
A
Xanthochromic
16
Q
Heaviest concentration of blood in
A
tube 1
17
Q
Clot formation
A
Introduction of plasma fibrinogen into the specimen
18
Q
In Xanthochromic, Result of blood that has been present longer than that introduced by the
A
Traumatic Tap
19
Q
Most frequently performed chemical test
A
protein determination
20
Q
Decreased CSF Protein
A
*CSF leakage/trauma
*Recent puncture
*Rapid CSF production
*Water intoxication
21
Q
Identify the causative agent of meningitis.
A
Microbiology test
22
Q
Bacterial meningitis hrs
A
24
23
Q
Tubercular meningitis
A
6 weeks
24
Q
tests for microbiology
A
*Gram stain
*Acid-fast stain
*India ink preparation
*Latex agglutination
25
Performed to detect the presence of neurosyphilis
Serologic testing
26
Recommended by the CDC
Venereal Disease Research Laboratories (VDRL)
27
*Not recommended
*Less sensitive than VDRL
Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)
28
4 fractions
1. Testes and epididymis
2. seminal vesicles
3. prostate gland
4. bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands
29
Location of germ cells for spermatozoa production
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES (5%)
30
Site of sperm maturation and
development of flagella.
EPIDIDYMIS
31
process of maturation
90 days
32
Receive sperm from the vas deferens and fluid from the seminal vesicles.
EJACULATORY DUCTS
33
60 to 70% of fluid present in
semen
SEMINAL VESICLES
34
Provides energy needed for the
flagella to propel through the
female reproductive tract
Fructose
35
Gray appearance of semen
Flavin
36
LOCATION of Prostate glands
Below the bladder surrounding the upper urethra
37
propels the sperm through the urethra by contractions during ejaculation
Prostate glands
38
20-30% of semen volume
Prostate glands
39
LOCATION of bulbourethral glands
below the prostate
40
5% of semen volume
Bulbourethral glands
41
Neutralizes acidity from prostate secretions and vagina
THICK AND ALKALINE MUCUS
42
WITHOUT NEUTRALIZATION:
Diminished sperm motility
43
Appearance
Normal:
Clear:
Turbid:
Red:
Yellow:
gray white, musty odor
Low sperm conc
WBC and infection
RBC
Contamination/prolonged abstinence/medication
44
normal vol of semen
2-5ml
45
ratings of viscosity
0 (watery) to 4 (gel-like)
46
ph of sperm
7.2 to 8.0
47
>8.0
infection within the reproductive tract
48
SPERM CONCENTRATION
>20 million/mL
49
SPERM COUNT
>40 million/ejaculate
50
complete lack of semen
Aspermia
51
absence of sperm in the semen
AZOOSPERMIA
52
Necrotic sperm in fresh sample
NECROSPERMIA/NECROZOOSPERMIA:
53
<15 million/mL of semen
OLIGOSPERMIA/OLIGOZOOSPERMIA
54
sperm morphology
60 μm long
55
major parts of sperm
head & tail
56
head
4 to 5 μm long
57
enzymes in head
Hyaluronidase and Protease
58
covers 2/3 of the nucleus
Acrosome
59
23 highly condensed chromosomes
nucleus
60
FAILURE TO LIQUEFY:
deficiency in prostatic enzymes
61
LIQUEFACTION time
30-60mins
62
MISSING 1ST PORTION
decreased sperm count/ increased pH/ specimen will not liquefy
63
MISSING LAST PORTION
increased sperm count/ decreased pH/ specimen will not clot
64
TAIL
constricted region
NECK
65
TAIL
contains mitochondria arranged in a spiral
MIDDLE PIECE
66
TAIL
longest portion
PRINCIPAL
67
TAIL
Tapering portion
END PORTION
68
increased amount of abnormally shaped sperm
TERATOZOOSPERMIA
69
Sperm penetration assay
HAMSTER EGG PENETRATION
70
Evaluates the functional integrity of the sperm’s plasma membrane
HYPO-OSMOTIC SWELLING
71
Stimulation of acrosome reaction by substances such as progesterone or follicular fluid.
IN VITRO ACROSOME REACTION
72
a form of birth control that cuts the supply of sperm to the semen.
VASECTOMY
73
Clear, Slightly Yellow Fluid
surrounding the fetus during pregnancy
Amniotic Fluid
74
Composition of amniotic fluid
1. Maternal Plasma
2. Fetal urine
3. Secretions from the Amniotic Membranes.
75
Amniotic fluid resides within the
amnion
76
The amnion is composed of metabolically
active cuboidal cells
77
Acts as a buffer to shield the fetus from mechanical trauma and external pressures.
Protective Cushion
78
Allows unrestricted movement within the uterus, promoting musculoskeletal development.
Facilitates Fetal Movement
79
Maintains a stable intrauterine environment, protecting the
fetus from temperature fluctuations.
Temperature Regulation
80
Permits fetal breathing movements and assists in the growth and maturation of fetal lungs.
Supports Lung Development
81
Early Pregnancy (First Trimester)
The fluid is composing of
maternal plasma
82
Mid to Late Pregnancy (Second to Third Trimester)
fetal urine & lung fluid
83
Water and solutes are absorbed into the fetal vascular system.
Intramembranous flow
84
Amniotic fluid is swallowed, absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, and re-circulated as
urine
85
amount in early pregnancy
60 mL at 12 weeks’ gestation
86
peak volume
800 to 1200 mL during the third trimester
87
>1200 mL.
POLYHYDRAMNIOS
88
<800 mL
OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS
89
electrolytes in amniotic fluid
Sodium, potassium, chloride
90
Shed from the skin, digestive system, and urinary tract; important for cytogenetic analysis.
Sloughed Fetal Cells
91
Produced by the fetus and measured for health and maturity
Biochemical Substances
92
Assessed for hemolytic disease.
Bilirubin
93
Includes surfactants like lecithin and sphingomyelin
Lipids
94
Mark fetal renal function
Urea, Creatinine, and Uric Acid
95
is performed during pregnancy to gather critical information about the health, development, and maturity of the fetus. It is recommended at different stages of gestation depending on the specific concern
Amniocentesis
96
when is Amniocentesis conducted
15 and 18 weeks of gestation
97
The fluid should be placed on ice for delivery and stored under refrigeration until analysis
Fetal Lung Maturity (FLM) Tests
98
Samples must be protected from light to prevent degradation of bilirubin
Bilirubin Testing
99
These specimens must be handled aseptically and maintained at room temperature or incubated at body temperature (37°C) to preserve cellular viability for analysis.
Cytogenetic and Microbial Studies
100
Amniotic fluid should be separated from cellular elements and debris as soon as possible to prevent alterations caused by cellular metabolism or breakdown.
Chemical Testing
101
a dark green material formed from fetal intestinal secretions and swallowed amniotic fluid
meconium
102
This color is associated with fetal death.
Dark Red-Brown Fluid
3rd year
flashcards
Decks in class (35)
# Cards
-
Hematology Lecture56
-
BACTERIOLOGY (LEC)14
-
CC LEC29
-
histopath19
-
histooo8
-
AUBF LECCC123
-
CC LEC MIDTERMS73
-
bacteriology53
-
Anemia of bone marrow failure and systemic disorders78
-
AUBF LAB7
-
CULTIVATION88
-
aubf leccc37
-
CC LEC MIDTERMSSSS67
-
HEMA LABBB54
-
ANEMIA OF ABNORMAL IRON METABOLISM34
-
bacteriology labbbbbb1
-
histopath29
-
cc lab21
-
histopath leccc1
-
CCLE12
-
hema labbbbbbb23
-
cc lab finals14
-
anotha cc25
-
bacte lecc0
-
cc leeccc28
-
aubf leeccc102
-
hema 230
-
hema 2 anotha wan3
-
hema 2 new17
-
immunohema11
-
IH EXAM80
-
Untitled Deck21
-
other blood groyp10
-
ccleeee finals46
-
CCLE 2 FINALSSSS50
