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Austria Flashcards

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1
Q

Austria is a landlocked country located in which part of Europe?

A

South-central Europe

It shares borders with seven other countries.

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2
Q

Name the seven countries that border Austria.

A
  • Switzerland
  • Liechtenstein
  • Czech Republic
  • Slovakia
  • Hungary
  • Slovenia
  • Germany
  • Italy

These borders facilitate trade and cultural exchange.

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3
Q

Austria contains nine federal states. What are the three states that compose the Weinland region?

A
  • Lower Austria
  • Burgenland
  • Vienna

Weinland is a significant winemaking region in Austria.

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4
Q

What are the two main regions of winemaking in Austria?

A
  • Weinland
  • Steirerland

Together, they contain 17 of Austria’s 18 winemaking regions.

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5
Q

The Alps dominate nearly two-thirds of Austria’s landscape. What mountain range does it fade into in eastern Austria?

A

Carpathian Mountain Range

This range hugs Hungary’s eastern border.

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6
Q

What geological features contribute to the diverse soils in Austria?

A
  • Granite
  • Sedimentary silty windblown loess
  • Schistose paragneiss
  • Amphibolite
  • Granulite

These soils are a result of tectonic and glacial activity.

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7
Q

The Danube River is significant for Austria. What is its approximate length?

A

Nearly 3,000 kilometers

It is the second longest river in Europe.

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8
Q

What is the average temperature range for winters in Austria?

A

-10 to -12 degrees Celsius

This corresponds to 10 to 14 degrees Fahrenheit.

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9
Q

What is the average temperature range for summers in Austria?

A

32 to 34 degrees Celsius

This corresponds to 89 to 93 degrees Fahrenheit.

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10
Q

Austria’s wine law was formalized in what year?

A

1907

This was largely to prevent the creation of artificial wine after phylloxera.

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11
Q

What are the three levels of quality identified by Austrian wine law?

A
  • Wein
  • Landwein
  • Qualitätswein

Qualitätswein makes up 84% of production.

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12
Q

What does DAC stand for in the context of Austrian wine?

A

Districtus Austriae Controllatus

This system is similar to the French AOC system.

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13
Q

What is the first DAC region established in Austria?

A

Weinviertel

It was named a DAC region in 2003.

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14
Q

What is the term for grower’s sparkling wine in Austria?

A

hauersekt

This indicates that the wine was made with estate-grown fruit.

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15
Q

Austrian sparkling wine can be traced back to which year?

A

1842

Robert Alwin Schlumberger was a key figure in its development.

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16
Q

What are the three distinct Sekt Austria PDOs established in 2022?

A
  • Sekt Austria g.U.
  • Sekt Austria Reserve g.U.
  • Sekt Austria Grosse Reserve g.U.

These represent different quality levels for Austrian sparkling wine.

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17
Q

What is the minimum must weight requirement for Qualitätswein in Austria?

A

15 degrees KMW

This is part of the quality standards for Austrian wines.

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18
Q

What is the maximum yield allowed for Qualitätswein in Austria?

A

75 hectoliters per hectare

This is a regulation to maintain quality.

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19
Q

What is the official term for fuller styles of DAC wines that require higher must weight?

A

reserve

These wines often experience oak aging.

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20
Q

True or false: Kabinett qualifies as Prädikatswein in Austria.

A

FALSE

In Austria, Kabinett is classified as Qualitätswein.

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21
Q

What is the minimum aging requirement for Sekt Austria Grosse Reserve PDO g.U. on the lees?

A

36 months

Grapes must be grown and pressed within a single village, and vineyard source is allowed on the label.

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22
Q

What percentage of Austria’s production does sparkling wine represent?

A

5%

Major producers include Hugl Weine, Weingut Steininger, and Weingut Bründlmayer.

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23
Q

Which grape variety is the most widely planted in Austria, accounting for nearly a third of vineyards?

A

Grüner Veltliner

It is indigenous to Austria and offers a range of flavors from citrus to spicy notes.

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24
Q

True or false: Welschriesling is primarily used for producing high-quality dessert styles in Burgenland.

A

TRUE

In the Weinviertel, it delivers neutral base wines for Sekt, while in Styria, it is favored for dry wines.

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25
Fill in the blank: **Müller-Thurgau** was created by Hermann Müller in 1882 at the __________.
Geisenheim Research Institute ## Footnote It is a cross between Riesling and Chasselas de Courtillier.
26
What are the **three main types** of Sekt in Austria?
* Sekt Austria * Sekt Austria Reserve * Sekt Austria Grosse Reserve ## Footnote Each type has specific requirements for grape sourcing and aging.
27
What is the **maximum press yield** for Sekt Austria Reserve PDO g.U.?
60% ## Footnote Grapes must be hand-harvested and whole-cluster pressed.
28
Which grape variety is known for its **distinctive white pepper aroma**?
Grüner Veltliner ## Footnote The aroma is referred to locally as *pfefferl*.
29
What is the **primary grape variety** used for producing Sekt in the Weinviertel?
Welschriesling ## Footnote It is known for delivering neutral base wines.
30
What is the **historical practice** of growing and pressing numerous grapes together in Austria called?
Gemischter Satz ## Footnote This practice contributed to the development of many autochthonous varieties.
31
Which grape variety is a **crossing of Blaufränkisch and St. Laurent**?
Zweigelt ## Footnote It was produced by Fritz Zweigelt in 1922.
32
What is the **primary region** for Sauvignon Blanc in Austria?
Styria ## Footnote It is the most celebrated region for this variety.
33
Fill in the blank: **Chardonnay** is known as __________ in Styria.
Morillon ## Footnote It can produce both fruity, unoaked styles and serious, barrel-aged renditions.
34
What is the **maximum dosage** for Sekt Austria Reserve PDO g.U.?
12 g/l ## Footnote This applies to the sparkling wine produced under this designation.
35
What is the **total area** of Grüner Veltliner planted in Austria as of 2022?
14,548 hectares ## Footnote It accounts for 47.8% of white varieties planted.
36
True or false: **Blaufränkisch** is an autochthonous variety in Austria.
TRUE ## Footnote It is a crossing of Gouais Blanc with Zimmettraube.
37
What is the **primary grape variety** used for producing dessert styles in Burgenland?
Welschriesling ## Footnote It can display intense tropical fruit and honeyed notes under the right conditions.
38
What is the **total area** of Müller-Thurgau planted in Austria as of 2022?
1,272 hectares ## Footnote It accounts for 4.2% of white varieties planted.
39
What is the **minimum aging requirement** for Sekt Austria PDO g.U. on the lees?
9 months ## Footnote This applies to sparkling wines produced using traditional methods.
40
What is the **origin** of the grape **Blaufränkisch**?
Appeared under this name at a grape exposition in Vienna in 1862 ## Footnote The term **Fränkisch** implies high-quality grapes dating back to the Middle Ages.
41
Where does **Blaufränkisch** thrive in Austria?
Burgenland ## Footnote It is the warmest region in Austria, crucial for the grape's potential.
42
What are the **expressions** of **Blaufränkisch** influenced by?
* Mesoclimates * Soils ## Footnote Complex examples come from the limestone and schist hills of the Leithaberg DAC.
43
What are the characteristics of **klassik** styles of **Blaufränkisch**?
* Bright blue fruit * Moderate tannins * Refreshing acid ## Footnote More complex **reserve** renditions may include barrel aging.
44
What is the **planting area** of **Blauer Portugieser** in 2022?
483 hectares ## Footnote Represents 3.7% of red grape varieties planted.
45
What is the believed origin of **Blauer Portugieser**?
Came to Austria from Portugal ## Footnote Some scholars argue it has Austrian origins.
46
What is **Blauburger** a crossing of?
* Blauer Portugieser * Blaufränkisch ## Footnote Created in 1923 by Fritz Zweigelt.
47
What is the **planting area** of **Blauburger** in 2022?
459 hectares ## Footnote Represents 3.3% of red varieties planted.
48
What is the **parentage** of **St. Laurent**?
No verifiable parents, but genetically close to the Pinot family ## Footnote Reintroduced to Austria in the 19th century.
49
What are the **climatic requirements** for growing **St. Laurent**?
* Dry * Warm regions * Good drainage ## Footnote Susceptible to various diseases and requires careful management.
50
What is the **planting area** of **St. Laurent** in 2022?
596 hectares ## Footnote Represents 4.3% of red varieties planted.
51
What are some of Austria's **other red grapes**?
* Merlot * Blauburgunder * Cabernet Sauvignon * Blauer Wildbacher ## Footnote These contribute to the diversity of red wine production.
52
What is the **size** of **Lower Austria** in terms of vineyard area?
Over 28,000 hectares ## Footnote Responsible for over half of Austria’s total wine production.
53
What are the **two main soil types** in Lower Austria?
* Loess * Granite ## Footnote Loess provides water retention, while granite is found in higher vineyards.
54
What grape variety makes up nearly half of the plantings in **Lower Austria**?
Grüner Veltliner ## Footnote Other significant varieties include Zweigelt and Riesling.
55
What is the **Wachau** known for?
Prominent producers and iconic vineyards ## Footnote Recognized for the quality of Grüner Veltliner and Riesling.
56
What are the **three tiers** of the Wachau DAC system?
* Gebietsweine * Ortswein * Riedenwein ## Footnote Each tier has specific requirements for grape sourcing and production.
57
What is the **Vinea Wachau**?
A regional protection association formed in 1983 ## Footnote Focuses on quality, origin, and purity of wines from the Wachau.
58
What are the **three categories** of Vinea Wachau wines?
* Steinfeder * Federspiel * Smaragd ## Footnote Each category has specific alcohol and must weight requirements.
59
What is the **total vineyard area** of the Wachau?
1,350 hectares ## Footnote Represents only 3% of Austria’s vineyard land.
60
What is the **climate** like in the **Wachau**?
One of the driest Danubian regions, receiving under 500 millimeters of rain annually ## Footnote Affected by pre-Alpine Atlantic winds.
61
What is the **primary function** of the stone walls in the Wachau region?
* Preserve humus * Hold in heat and moisture * Contribute to microclimates and terroir ## Footnote The walls have both aesthetic and functional effects despite the financial burden of maintaining them.
62
The Wachau region receives under _______ millimeters of rain annually.
500 ## Footnote This makes it one of the driest regions in the Danube area.
63
What are the **cool northern winds** essential for in the Wachau?
Help wines develop tension ## Footnote This occurs despite a long ripening season and high sugar development.
64
What is the average **gradient** of slopes in the Wachau?
30 degrees ## Footnote Some vineyards in Spitz can be as steep as 70 degrees.
65
Irrigation in the Wachau was authorized in what year?
1983 ## Footnote It is strictly regulated and common in warmer years, leading to improved quality.
66
What are the **common cellar techniques** used by winemakers in the Wachau?
* Destemming fruit * Pneumatic pressing * Temperature-controlled fermentations * Use of ambient yeasts ## Footnote Various vessels can be used for fermentation and aging.
67
Which village in the Wachau is known for yielding delicate, easy-drinking wines?
Spitz ## Footnote It sits at the base of the Tausendeimerberg Vineyard.
68
What type of soils characterize the **Ried Hochrain** in the Wachau?
Deeper paragneiss soils ## Footnote This area begins to catch loess sediments from the Alps.
69
What is the **most well-known site** in Dürnstein for its revered wines?
Ried Kellerberg ## Footnote It has sandy loess soils over crystalline gneiss and slate.
70
What is the significance of the **Schütt** vineyard in the Wachau?
One of the first named vineyards (1379) ## Footnote It is shared by Dürnstein and Loiben.
71
What is the **oldest winery** in Austria located in Mautern?
Nikolaihof ## Footnote Owned by the Saahs family since 1894 and famous for its biodynamic practices.
72
Kremstal receives more rainfall than the Wachau, with up to _______ millimeters annually.
720 ## Footnote This is particularly in the stretch leading to Senftenberg.
73
What percentage of Kremstal's land under vine is dedicated to **Grüner Veltliner**?
55% ## Footnote Zweigelt accounts for even more hectarage than Riesling in Kremstal.
74
What is the minimum alcohol requirement for **basic Kremstal DAC** wines?
12% ## Footnote These wines must show no oak influence or botrytis.
75
Kamptal became a **DAC** in what year?
2008 ## Footnote Basic DAC wines must have a minimum of 11.5% alcohol by volume.
76
What unique geological feature is found in **Kamptal** that is significant for Riesling?
Heiligenstein ## Footnote It is composed of 270 million-year-old Permian desert sandstone.
77
What is the **primary grape** variety in Kamptal, accounting for most of the hectarage?
Grüner Veltliner ## Footnote It claims about 50% of the hectarage.
78
What is the **three-tier pyramid** of ÖTW wines?
* Gebietswein (regional wine) * Ortswein (village wine) * Riedenwein (single vineyard) ## Footnote This classification helps identify quality and distinctiveness of vineyard sites.
79
Name the **grape varieties** that wines may only come from.
* Grüner Veltliner * Riesling * Chardonnay * Weissburgunder * Grauburgunder ## Footnote These varieties reflect a significant portion of the hectarage in the region.
80
What is the **size** of the Traisental region under vine?
815 hectares ## Footnote This relatively small area is known for its historic villages and local taverns.
81
What is the **capital** of Lower Austria located in the Traisental region?
St. Pölten ## Footnote St. Pölten is situated in the southern part of the Traisental region.
82
True or false: The **DAC** for Traisental was achieved in 2006.
TRUE ## Footnote The DAC designation allows for specific grape varieties to be recognized.
83
What are the **dominant soils** in Traisental?
* Active limestone * Conglomerate soils ## Footnote These soils are unique to the region and contribute to the wine's characteristics.
84
What is the leading grape in Traisental and how many hectares are under vine?
Grüner Veltliner with 475 hectares ## Footnote This grape is known for its balance of decadence and spice.
85
What is the **historical significance** of Wagram before 2007?
Known as Donauland ## Footnote Wagram gained its own boundaries after this year.
86
What type of **soils** dominate Wagram?
* Loess * Primordial sea fossils ## Footnote These soils are a result of geological history dating back millions of years.
87
What grape thrives in Wagram and is known for its full-bodied wines?
Grüner Veltliner ## Footnote Wagram wines often have a creamy texture.
88
What year did Wagram achieve **DAC status**?
2022 ## Footnote This recognition highlights the region's rising quality and value.
89
What is the **Weinviertel** historically known for?
Bulk production and mediocre quality ## Footnote The region has undergone significant changes in quality perception since the mid-1980s.
90
What grape variety comprises nearly half of the vines in the **Weinviertel**?
Grüner Veltliner ## Footnote This variety is the only one qualifying for DAC consideration.
91
What is the **Gemischter Satz** blend?
A utilitarian product from polyculture agriculture ## Footnote Historically, it was one of many crops grown in the Weinviertel.
92
What is the primary grape variety dominating **Carnuntum**?
Zweigelt ## Footnote This grape accounts for over a quarter of the region's vines.
93
What year was the **Rubin Carnuntum Wine Producers** association formed?
1992 ## Footnote This association established standards for high-quality Zweigelt.
94
What are the three regions considered in **Carnuntum**?
* Leitha Mountains * Arbesthal Hills * Hundsheimer Mountains ## Footnote Each region contributes to the diversity of wines produced.
95
What is the **Thermenregion** known for historically?
Long winemaking tradition established by Cistercian monks ## Footnote The region has a rich history of wine production dating back to the Middle Ages.
96
What is the **DAC** designation for Thermenregion granted in?
2023 ## Footnote This designation includes a three-tiered system for wine classification.
97
What does **heuriger** refer to in Austrian wine culture?
An inn serving wine and food of its own production ## Footnote Heurige offers young wines and local cuisine in a communal setting.
98
What are the **two growing areas** in Thermenregion?
* North * South ## Footnote Baden serves as the dividing line between these two areas.
99
What grape varieties are particularly prized in the **northern wineries** of Thermenregion?
* Rotgipfler * Zierfandler ## Footnote These grapes have an affinity for desirable botrytis and can achieve high levels of sugar.
100
What is the significance of **Vienna** in winemaking?
No capital city is so intimate with wine ## Footnote Vineyards exist within the city and on surrounding hills.
101
What is the **capital city** known for its intimate relationship with wine?
Vienna ## Footnote Vineyards are integrated into the residential districts and surrounding hills.
102
The **winemaking** tradition in Vienna predates which ancient civilization?
Romans ## Footnote Winemaking within the city walls has a long history.
103
What significant event in 1683 affected **grape growing** in Vienna?
Turkish siege ## Footnote This led to grape growing being pushed beyond the city walls.
104
What is the **heurigen** tradition in Vienna?
Wineries opening their doors to the public ## Footnote Emperor Joseph II encouraged this tradition to revitalize local wine culture.
105
Most of Vienna’s **grapegrowing** occurs on which side of the Danube?
North ## Footnote The river moderates extreme weather conditions for vineyards.
106
What type of soil characterizes the **Bisamberg** hill?
Well-drained flysch soils ## Footnote This hill is crucial for surrounding winemakers.
107
What is the elevation range of the **Nussberg** hill?
175 to 360 meters ## Footnote It is known for quality grapegrowing in Vienna.
108
What are the **prized erste lagen** found mid-slope on Nussberg?
* Ulm * Rosengartel * Preussen ## Footnote These are among the most sought-after vineyards.
109
In what year did **WienWein** obtain DAC status?
2013 ## Footnote This group aimed to raise quality standards for Gemischter Satz.
110
What is the minimum number of **white varieties** required for Wiener Gemischter Satz DAC?
Three ## Footnote No single grape can exceed 50% of the blend.
111
What is the defining geographic feature of **Burgenland**?
Lake Neusiedl ## Footnote It is a significant moderating influence for the region's climate.
112
What type of climate does **Burgenland** have?
Hot ## Footnote It is the hottest region in Austria, ideal for a variety of crops.
113
What are the six **DACs** in Burgenland?
* Neusiedlersee * Leithaberg * Mittelburgenland * Eisenberg * Rosalia * Ruster Ausbruch ## Footnote These regions have distinct wine styles and regulations.
114
What grape variety is primarily associated with **Neusiedlersee** DAC red wine?
Zweigelt ## Footnote This region is known for its boisterous Zweigelt-based reds.
115
What is the **Ruster Ausbruch** style known for?
Sweet botrytis-driven wines ## Footnote This style has historical significance and gained DAC status in 2020.
116
What is the primary grape variety used in **Leithaberg** DAC red wines?
Blaufränkisch ## Footnote It must be at least 85% of the blend.
117
What is the main soil type in **Rust**?
Quartz-rich sandy gravels ## Footnote This soil type contributes to the region's diverse wine styles.
118
What is the **Pannobile** classification?
A label for wines following specific guidelines ## Footnote It is used for wines that incorporate specific grape varieties.
119
What is the significance of **Alois Kracher** in the wine industry?
Advocate for Austrian sweet wines ## Footnote He worked to improve the image of Austrian sweet wines after a scandal.
120
What is the primary grape variety for **Beerenauslese** wines in Seewinkel?
Welschriesling ## Footnote It leads white grapes in overall hectarage planted in Neusiedlersee.
121
Where is the **quiet region of Rosalia** located?
In the Alpine foothills of the Rosalia Range, along the state lines of Lower Austria and Burgenland ## Footnote It is situated between Leithaberg to the north and Mittelburgenland to the south.
122
What river flows through **Rosalia** and contributes to its fertile soils?
Wulka River ## Footnote The river is responsible for fluvial-rich deposits of brown earth and sandy loam.
123
What grape variety claims over half of all plantings in **Rosalia**?
Blaufränkisch ## Footnote This variety is ideal for the region's hearty, structured reds.
124
In what year did **Rosalia** become a DAC?
2018 ## Footnote Prior to this, it was classified as a grosslage.
125
What are the minimum ABV requirements for **DAC** and **DAC Reserve** red wines in Rosalia?
* DAC: 12% * DAC Reserve: 13% ## Footnote Red wines must not exceed four grams per liter residual sugar and are not to be blended.
126
What is the primary grape variety in **Mittelburgenland**?
Blaufränkisch ## Footnote It accounts for over half of vineyard plantings.
127
What is the climate like in **Mittelburgenland**?
Ideal for Blaufränkisch, protected from wind, enjoys over 300 days of sunshine ## Footnote It collects heat from the plains to the east.
128
Name the three tiers of **Mittelburgenland DAC**.
* Mittelburgenland DAC * Mittelburgenland DAC with stated ried * Mittelburgenland Reserve ## Footnote Reserve wines should carry a noticeable mark of new oak.
129
What distinguishes **Eisenberg** from other regions in Burgenland?
Not affected by Lake Neusiedl's moderating influence ## Footnote It experiences a slight Mediterranean influence and receives more rainfall.
130
What is the primary grape variety grown in **Eisenberg**?
Blaufränkisch ## Footnote It is the most planted variety at over 35% of total hectarage.
131
What is the significance of **Styria** in Austria's wine industry?
Second only to Lower Austria in size, but just 0.2% of its land mass is under vine ## Footnote It represents 10% of the country’s vineyards.
132
What grape varieties were introduced to **Styria** by Archduke John?
* Sauvignon Blanc * Chardonnay (Morillon) ## Footnote These grapes are key to showcasing the region’s quality potential.
133
What is the role of the **Steirische Terroir- und Klassikweingüter (STK)** group?
Dedicated to exploring the individuality of Styria’s higher and steeper vineyard sites ## Footnote It was established in 2008.
134
What are the three winegrowing regions that entered the DAC system in **Styria** in 2018?
* Südsteiermark * Vulkanland Styria * Weststeiermark ## Footnote They initiated the three-tier hierarchical system for DAC classification.
135
What is the most-planted grape in **Südsteiermark**?
Sauvignon Blanc ## Footnote It has grown significantly from 177 to 948 hectares between 2005 and 2023.
136
What is the primary soil type found in **Vulkanland**?
Basalt soils ## Footnote The region also contains patches of loam, sand, and clay.
137
What is the main grape variety used for **Schilcher** wine in **Weststeiermark**?
Blauer Wildbacher ## Footnote Over 65% of plantings are dedicated to this variety.
138
What is **ilcher** most often classified as?
a still wine ## Footnote Ilcher can also be lightly or fully sparkling.
139
Which types of rocks prevail in **Weststeiermark**?
* Crystalline gneiss * Slate * Schist ## Footnote These geological features contribute to the terroir of the region.
140
At what elevation range are the best vineyards in **Weststeiermark** grown to avoid frosts?
between 420 to 600 meters ## Footnote This elevation helps mitigate the risk of frost damage.
141
Name the four municipalities for **DAC Ortswein classification** in Weststeiermark.
* Eibiswald * Deutschlandsberg * Stainz * Ligist ## Footnote These municipalities are recognized for their wine production.
142
True or false: **STK wines** are produced in Weststeiermark.
FALSE ## Footnote No STK wines are produced in this region.
143
What are the five winegrowing regions located in **Bergland**?
* Carinthia (Kärnten) * Upper Austria (Oberösterreich) * Salzburg * Tyrol (Tirol) * Vorarlberg ## Footnote These regions are located on the western side of Austria.
144
How many hectares of vineyards were there in **Bergland** in 1999?
21 hectares ## Footnote This area has seen a resurgence in wine production since then.
145
What type of wines may qualify as **landwein** in Bergland?
Wines made from the 40 approved varieties ## Footnote This classification indicates the region of origin.
146
What challenges have historically affected the wine industry in **Bergland**?
* Climate shifts * Economic changes * Phylloxera * Rise of breweries ## Footnote These factors have impacted the prosperity of the wine industry.
147
What is the total area of **Carinthia** in hectares?
170 hectares ## Footnote Carinthia is one of the five winegrowing regions in Bergland.
148
What is the total area of **Tyrol** in hectares?
5 hectares ## Footnote Tyrol is the smallest winegrowing region in Bergland.
Advanced Sommelier
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