Autism

Question 1

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) incidence?

Answer 1

Currently impacts 1 in 36 children

Question 2

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) etiology?

Answer 2

Genetic and Environment interplay

Question 3

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) manifestations?

Answer 3

• Persistent deficits in social interaction
• Difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication
• Presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors or interests

Question 4

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) onset?

Answer 4

• Parents report symptoms 12-24 months
  - Language regression/halt, fixed interests, among others
• Valid diagnosis at age 2 years
  
  • Sadly, average age of diagnosis now 4-5 years old

Question 5

How is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) screened and diagnosed?

Answer 5

• Screening tools available to detect symptoms starting at 18 months (e.g., MCHAT)
  
  • ALL children should be screened at 18 months
• Diagnostic tools (e.g., ADOS, ADI)
  - For children suspected of having ASD

Question 6

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) nursing considerations?

Answer 6

• Early preparation and visits before procedures or hospitalizations
• Accommodate sensory needs
• Allow extra time for assessment and procedures
• Provide choice whenever possible
• Use simple, concrete language