Endocrine

Question 1

Type 1 DM management?

Answer 1

• Insulin (injections or pump)
• Monitor glucose level multiple times a day (goal 80-120 mg/dl)
• Monitor HbA1C average over 3 months
• Urine testing for ketones done during illness and Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Question 2

What is Hypoglycemia?

Answer 2

Blood sugar < 70 mg/dl

Question 3

Hypoglycemia causes?

Answer 3

• Too much medications (i.e., insulin)
• Medication mistakes (i.e., accidental too much insulin administered)
• Missed meals
• Too little food eaten after insulin
• Excessive exercise - sports

Question 4

Hypoglycemia management?

Answer 4

• Hold insulin
• Have child eat or drink something that has sugar in it (ie.g., Orange juice, cake icing, hard candy, milk)
• Administer Glucagon IM or SQ

Question 5

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) manifestations?

Answer 5

• Vomiting
• Signs of dehydration
• Kussmaul respirations
• Acetone odor on breath
• Decreased level of consciousness
• Cerebral edema is a complication of DKA treatment.
  
  • Monitor neurological status (Glasgow Coma Scale)

Question 6

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) complications?

Answer 6

• Metabolic acidosis
• Hyperglycemia
• Fluid and electrolyte shift
  
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hyponatremia

Question 7

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) nursing considerations?

Answer 7

• Avoid rapid bolus of fluids or insulin
• DO NOT PUSH K+