Axial Skeleton

Question 1

contents of axial skeleton

Answer 1

skull, vertebral column, sternum, laryngeal skeleton, thoracic cage

Question 2

bones in skull

Answer 2

22

Question 3

parts of skull (3)

Answer 3

1. cranium (contains sinuses)
2. foramina
3. facial bones

Question 4

cranial bones (8)

Answer 4

1. frontal bone
2. parietal bones (2)
3. occipital bone
4. temporal bones (2)
5. sphenoid bone
6. ethmoid bone

Question 5

foramen magnum

Answer 5

large opening in occipital bone where spinal cord connects to brainstem

Question 6

sinuses

Answer 6

air spaces in cranial bones lined with mucous membrane

reduce weight of skull and give voice resonant sound

Question 7

mastoid sinuses

Answer 7

drain to middle ear

Question 8

carotid canal

Answer 8

opening in temporal bone for internal carotid artery

Question 9

external acoustic meatus

Answer 9

part of temporal bone that allows for sound transmission

Question 10

facial bones (14)

Answer 10

1. Mandible (1)
2. Maxillae (2)
3. Zygomatic bones (2)
4. Nasal bones (2)
5. Palatine bones (2)
6. Lacrimal bones (2)
7. Volmer (1)
8. Inferior nasal conchae (2)

Question 11

middle & superior nasal conchae

Answer 11

formed from grooves of ethmoid bone

swirl air as goes thru nasal cavities to help warm it up

Question 12

curvatures of vertebral column

Answer 12

provide more resilience/strength in upright posture

1. cervical curve
2. thoracic curve
3. lumbar curve
4. sacral curve

Question 13

cervical vertebrae

Answer 13

7

Question 14

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 14

12

Question 15

lumbar vertebrae

Answer 15

5

Question 16

sacrum

Answer 16

5 fused bones at base of spine, critical for pelvic stability

Question 17

coccyx

Answer 17

4-5 fused vertebrae, usually start fusing ~age 25

Question 18

parts of sternum (3)

Answer 18

1. manibrum (superior)
2. body (middle)
3. xiphoid process (inferior)

Question 19

rib pairs

Answer 19

12

Question 20

spinous process

Answer 20

dorsal side of vertebra, can be palpated as bony projections along midline of neck and back

• cervical vertebrae have long spinous process w/bifid tip (except C1)
• thoracic vertebrae have long, thin spinous process that points inferiorly (doesn’t split)
• lumbar vertebrae have shorter, broader, posterior facing spinal process

Question 21

vertebral body

Answer 21

most surface area of vertebra

• small on cervical vert.
• medium sized on thoracic vert w/facets for rib articulation
• largest vertebral body on lumbar vert to support weight of head/neck/upper limbs

Question 22

articular facets of vertebrae

Answer 22

allow adjacent vert. to articulate with each other

Question 23

different transverse processes

Answer 23

• cervical vert: have transverse foramina (openings) for the passage of the vertebral arteries & veins
• thoracic vert: contain costal facets for rib articulation (except T11 + T12)
• lumbar vert: shorter, no costal facets