What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell without a nucleus where DNA is free in the cytoplasm
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains DNA and controls cell activities
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Produces ribosomes
What is the function of mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Folds and transports proteins
What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesises lipids and detoxifies substances
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies packages and transports proteins
What is the function of lysosomes?
Digest old organelles and pathogens
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides structural support and prevents lysis
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
Maintains turgor pressure and stores substances
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis in plant cells
What is a plasmid?
Small circular DNA carrying extra genes
What is the function of plasmids?
Carry genes such as antibiotic resistance
What is a nucleoid?
Region containing circular DNA with no membrane
What is the function of a bacterial capsule?
Protects against desiccation and immune attack
What is magnification?
How much larger an image is compared to the actual object
What is the formula for magnification?
Magnification equals image size divided by actual size
What is resolution?
The ability to distinguish two close points as separate
Give one limitation of electron microscopes.
Cannot observe living specimens or require a vacuum
