B.1.3 muscular function

Question 1

Three types of muscle in the human body

Answer 1

Skeletal - voluntary and striated look function is movment
Cardiac - the heart involuntary and striated
Smooth - involuntary and can be blood vessels and halllow organs

Question 2

Main function of the muscles

Answer 2

Movement
Posture
Joint stability
Heat production

Question 3

Properties of muscle tissue

Answer 3

Contractility: ability of muscle to contract and generate force
Extensibility: muscle can be stretched beyond its normal resting length
Elasticity: return to resting length after stretched

Question 4

Hypertrophy

Answer 4

• Increase in the size of an organ or body tissue.
• Transient (short term)
• Chronic (long term)

Question 5

Atrophy

Answer 5

• Loss of size or mass of body tissue
• Muscles that are not used for months start to decrease in size and mass

Question 6

Types of motor units

Answer 6

Type I (slow-twitch)
Type IIa (fast-twitch)
Type IIx (fast twitch)

Question 7

Type I motor units

Answer 7

• Slow-twitch
• Small muscle force
• Maintain contractions for a long time
• Fatigue resistent
• Small force over a long time (jogging)

Question 8

Type II motor units

Answer 8

• Fast-twitch
• fast neural transmission
• strong contraction force
• Fatigue resistant
• Large forces over a long time (swimming)

Question 9

Type IIx motor unit

Answer 9

• fast-twitch
• Fastest contraction
• Large forces
• Fatigue fastest
• Large forces quickly short time (sprints)

Question 10

Muscle contraction types

Answer 10

Isometric
Isontonic concentric
Isotonic eccentric
Isokienetic

Question 11

Isometric

Answer 11

• without moving

Question 12

Isotonic concentric

Answer 12

• muscles shortens as it generates force against a resistance

Question 13

Isotonic eccentric

Answer 13

• muscle lengthens as it generates force against a resistance

Question 14

Isokienetic

Answer 14

• muscle contracts at a content speed at a joint

Question 15

Agonist

Answer 15

• Mover
• Muscle shortens

Question 16

Antagonist

Answer 16

• Muscle that is relaxing and lengthening

Question 17

Fixator

Answer 17

• stabilizer
• strong to hold the body steady

Question 18

Synergist

Answer 18

• help make movements more accurate and reduces unwanted actions
• helps the agonist for support movment

Question 19

Insertion

Answer 19

The end of a skeletal muscle that attaches to the bone being pulled e.g femur

Question 20

Origin

Answer 20

The end of the muscle attached to a fixed bone e.g clavical

Question 21

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 21

allow the agonist muscle to contract without any interference with the antagonistic muscle

Question 22

Neuromuscular function

Answer 22

• all the muscles in the body that and the nerves connecting them
• motor neurons carry information from the CNS to the muscles (relax or contract)

Question 23

Structure of neurons

Answer 23

• Cell body
• Dendrites: link the neuron to other neurons and allow information to flow
• Axon: cover made of myelin (insultated) electric impulses travel
• Axon terminal: transmit messages to other cells via use of neurotransmitters as synapses

Question 24

Motor units, muscle fibre type and exercise

Answer 24

general type I am f