B16- Inheritance

Question 1

Define inheritance

Answer 1

transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

Question 2

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 2

nucleus of a cell

Question 3

What are chromosomes made of

Answer 3

DNA
-contain genetic information in form of genes

Question 4

Define gene

Answer 4

length of the DNA that codes for a protein

Question 5

Define allele

Answer 5

alternative form of a gene

Question 6

What chromosomes do female eggs contain

Answer 6

X, X

Question 7

What chromosomes do male sperms contain

Answer 7

X, Y

Question 8

What combination of chromosomes does a female zygote contain

Answer 8

XX

Question 9

What combination of chromosomes does a male zygote contain

Answer 9

XY

Question 10

What are the chances of the sex for the baby

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

Describe Haploid Nucleus (2)

Answer 11

Haploid nucleus is a nucleus that contains one set of chromosome
- gametes, sex cells

Question 12

Describe Diploid Nucleus (3)

Answer 12

Diploid nucleus is a nucleus that contains two sets of chromosomes
- normal human cells (23 pairs)
- has a pair of each type of chromosome

Question 13

What is Mitosis?

Answer 13

nuclear division creating genetically identical daughter cells

Question 14

What are the roles of Mitosis? (4)

Answer 14

1. growth
2. repair of tissues
3. replacement of cells
4. asexual reproduction

Question 15

Stages of Mitosis (5)

Answer 15

1. Chromosomes create identical copies of themselves (DNA replication)
2. similar chromosomes pair up
3. Chromatids are pulled apart
4. chromosomes separate
5. Cells divide (2 daughter cells are made that are genetically identical)

Question 16

What is Meiosis? (4)

Answer 16

the reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid resulting in genetically different cells

Question 17

What are the roles of Meiosis? (2)

Answer 17

1. creates haploid cells by reduction division
2. produce genetic variations

Question 18

What are the stages of Meiosis

Answer 18

1. Chromosomes create identical copies of themselves (DNA replication)
2. similar chromosomes pair up
3. sections of DNA are swapped
4. chromosomes are pulled apart
   –> first division
5. chromosomes are divided again (resulting in 4 daughter cells)
   –> second division

Question 19

Define genotype

Answer 19

The genetic make-up of an organism and in terms of the allele present

Question 20

Define Phenotype

Answer 20

the observable features of an organism

Question 21

Define Homozygous

Answer 21

having two identical alleles of a particular gene

Question 22

Define Pure-bred

Answer 22

When two homozygous individuals breed together, the offspring is pure bred

Question 23

Define Heterozygous

Answer 23

Having 2 different alleles of a particular gene

Question 24

Define not-pure bred

Answer 24

A heterozygous individual will not be pure-breeding

Question 25

Define dominant allele

Answer 25

an allele that is expressed if it is present in the genotype

Question 26

Define recessive allele

Answer 26

an allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present in the genotype

Question 27

DD x DD= ?

Answer 27

1- D (dominant)

Question 28

dd x dd= ?

Answer 28

1- d (recessive)

Question 29

Dd x Dd= ?

Answer 29

3:1- D (dominant): d (recessive)

Question 30

DD x dd= ?

Answer 30

1- D (dominant)

Question 31

Dd x dd= ?

Answer 31

1:1 -D (dominant): d (recessive)

Question 32

How is a 'normal' female identified in a pedigree chart?

Answer 32

empty circle

Question 33

How is a 'normal' male identified in a pedigree chart?

Answer 33

empty square

Question 34

How is an 'affected' female identified in a pedigree chart?

Answer 34

filled in circle

Question 35

How is an 'affected' male identified in a pedigree chart?

Answer 35

filled in square